Figure 1. How do miRNAs reprogram mouse and human cells to pluripotency?
Differentiated cells can be reprogrammed to iPS cells by expressing the miR-302/367 cluster of miRNAs. For mouse cells valproic acid (VPA) is additionally required. Multiple downstream target genes and pathways have been identified for miR-302. miR-367 is essential for reprogramming and Oct4 activation however targets of this miRNA remain unknown.