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Necrotic and apoptotic cell death pathways are activated by tamoxifen toxicity. Staining of control (no tamoxifen) ARPE-19 cells (left top and bottom) with annexin V (green) or 7-AAD (red) shows no apoptotic or necrotic positive cells, respectively. Staining of tamoxifen-treated ARPE-19 cells with annexin V (green, upper) or 7-AAD (red, bottom) shows both apoptotic and necrotic cells; DAPI (blue) shows nuclear staining. Scale bar: 25 μm.
