Table 2.
Associations of smoking reduction with substance use and mood/anxiety disorders at Wave 2
| Mood/anxiety disorder within past 12 months at Wave 2 a |
Alcohol use disorder within past 12 months at Wave 2 b |
Drug use disorder within past 12 months at Wave 2 c |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 (Bivariate association) OR (95% CI) |
Model 2 (Adjusts for Propensity scores) aOR (95% CI) |
Model 3 d (Adjusts for propensity scores and W2 comorbidities) aOR (95% CI) |
Model 1 (Bivariate association) OR (95% CI) |
Model 2 (Adjusts for propensity scores) aOR (95% CI) |
Model 3 d (Adjusts for propensity scores and W2 comorbidities) aOR (95% CI) |
Model 1 (Bivariate association) OR (95% CI) |
Model 2 (Adjusts for propensity scores) aOR (95% CI) |
Model 3 d (Adjusts for Propensity scores and W2 comorbidities)aOR (95% CI) |
|
| New onset of disorder at Wave 2 (among those with no lifetime history diagnosis at Wave 1) | |||||||||
| Reduction in daily smoking | |||||||||
| 0 to (+/−) 9% change | Ref | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| 10–49% reduction | 1.1 (0.8, 1.6) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.4) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.4) | 1.5 (0.9, 2.4) | 1.2 (0.7, 2.0) | 1.3 (0.8, 2.1) | 0.6 (0.3, 1.2) | 0.6 (0.3, 1.2) | 0.5 (0.3, 1.2) |
| 50–99% reduction | 1.2 (0.8, 1.6) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.6) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.7) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.4) | 0.6 (0.3, 1.1) | 0.6 (0.3, 1.2) | 0.5 (0.3, 1.1) | 0.5 (0.2, 1.02) | 0.5 (0.2, 1.04) |
| 100% reduction | 0.7 (0.5, 1.04) | 0.7 (0.5, 1.1) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.1) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.3) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.3) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.5) | 0.3 (0.1, 0.7) | 0.3 (0.1, 0.7) | 0.3 (0.1, 0.9) |
| Recurrent/persistent disorder at Wave 2 (among those with current or lifetime history diagnosis at Wave 1) | |||||||||
| Reduction in daily smoking | |||||||||
| 0 to (+/−) 9% change | Ref | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| 10–49% reduction | 1.2 (0.9, 1.6) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.7) | 1.3 (0.95, 1.7) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.4) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.4) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.4) | 1.2 (0.8, 2.0) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.9) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.8) |
| 50–99% reduction | 0.9 (0.7, 1.2) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.3) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.3) | 0.7 (0.5, 0.9) | 0.7 (0.5, 1.02) | 0.7 (0.5, 1.1) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.4) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.5) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.7) |
| 100% reduction | 0.6 (0.4, 0.8) | 0.6 (0.4, 0.9) | 0.6 (0.4, 0.9) | 0.6 (0.4, 0.8) | 0.6 (0.4, 0.9) | 0.7 (0.5, 0.99) | 0.3 (0.1, 0.6) | 0.3 (0.1, 0.8) | 0.5 (0.2, 1.1) |
Mood/anxiety disorder: No lifetime history at Wave 1: N=2,938 (448 incident cases, 2490 with no diagnosis at Wave 2); Current or lifetime history diagnosis at Wave 1: N=1,915 (805 recurrent/persistent cases, 1110 with no diagnosis at Wave 2). When adjusting for propensity scores, sample sizes decreased slightly due to some missing data for included covariates: No lifetime history at Wave 1: N = 2845; Current or lifetime history diagnosis at Wave 1: N = 1883.
Alcohol use disorder: No lifetime history at Wave 1: N=2554 (183 incident cases, 2371 with no diagnosis at Wave 2); Current or lifetime history diagnosis at Wave 1: N=2299 (572 recurrent/persistent cases, 1727 with no diagnosis at Wave 2). When adjusting for propensity scores, sample sizes decreased slightly due to some missing data for included covariates: No lifetime history at Wave 1: N = 2488; Current or lifetime history diagnosis at Wave 1: N = 2240.
Drug use disorder: No lifetime history at Wave 1: N=3760 (89 incident cases, 3671 with no diagnosis at Wave 2); Current or lifetime history diagnosis at Wave 1: N=1093 (153 recurrent/persistent cases, 940 with no diagnosis at Wave 2). When adjusting for propensity scores, sample sizes decreased slightly due to some missing data for included covariates: No lifetime history at Wave 1: N = 3662; Current or lifetime history diagnosis at Wave 1: N = 1066.
Model 3 additionally adjusts for other outcome comorbidities at Wave 2 (e.g., the model predicting presence of alcohol use disorder at Wave 2 adjusts for lifetime history diagnosis or past 12 months drug use disorder and mood/anxiety disorders at Wave 2).