Table 1.
Comparisons of Baseline Characteristics According to Incident Hip Fracture Status in Men and Women: Cardiovascular Health Studya
| Characteristic | All Participants (N = 3678) | Men
|
Women
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Hip Fracture (n = 1327) | Hip Fracture (n = 81) | P Valueb | No Hip Fracture (n = 2017) | Hip Fracture (n = 253) | P Valueb | ||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 72.8 (5.6) | 73.3 (5.8) | 75.8 (5.7) | <.001 | 72.1 (5.3) | 74.4 (5.7) | <.001 | ||
| Black race | 183 (5.0) | 65 (4.9) | 2 (2.5) | .47 | 112 (5.6) | 4 (1.6) | .01 | ||
| Weight, mean (SD), kg | 71.1 (14.2) | 79.0 (11.9) | 75.2 (10.1) | <.001 | 66.9 (13.5) | 62.3 (12.0) | <.001 | ||
| Height, mean (SD), cm | 164.3 (9.4) | 173.0 (6.6) | 173.7 (5.7) | .31 | 158.8 (6.2) | 158.8 (6.5) | .97 | ||
| BMI, mean (SD) | 26.2 (4.5) | 26.3 (3.5) | 24.9 (3.0) | <.001 | 26.5 (5.1) | 24.6 (4.2) | <.001 | ||
| Alcohol use per week | |||||||||
| None | 1482 (40.5) | 376 (28.5) | 33 (40.7) |
|
943 (47.1) | 130 (52.0) |
|
||
| Former drinkers | 291 (8.0) | 158 (12.0) | 10 (12.3) | 113 (5.6) | 10 (4.0) | ||||
| <1 Drink | 745 (20.4) | 233 (17.6) | 9 (11.1) | .14 | 452 (22.6) | 51 (20.4) | .59 | ||
| 1–6 Drinks | 616 (16.9) | 290 (22.0) | 17 (21.0) | 276 (13.8) | 33 (13.2) | ||||
| ≥7 Drinks | 521 (14.3) | 264 (20.0) | 12 (14.8) | 219 (10.9) | 26 (10.4) | ||||
| Cigarette smoking | |||||||||
| Never | 1776 (48.3) | 426 (32.2) | 31 (38.3) |
|
1168 (57.9) | 151 (59.7) |
|
||
| Former | 1510 (41.1) | 783 (59.1) | 42 (51.9) | .43 | 610 (30.3) | 75 (29.6) | .82 | ||
| Current | 389 (10.6) | 116 (8.8) | 8 (9.9) | 238 (11.8) | 27 (10.7) | ||||
| Thiazide use | 686 (18.7) | 201 (15.1) | 8 (9.9) | .26 | 425 (21.1) | 52 (20.6) | .91 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 513 (13.9) | 229 (17.3) | 11 (13.6) | .48 | 241 (11.9) | 32 (12.6) | .83 | ||
| ≥1 Live birth | 1857 (81.8) | NA | NA | 1656 (82.1) | 201 (79.4) | .04 | |||
| Age at menopause, mean (SD), y | 47.1 (6.7) | NA | NA | 47.1 (6.7) | 47.1 (6.5) | .89 | |||
| Estrogen use | NA | NA | |||||||
| Never | 1339 (59.0) | 1174 (58.2) | 165 (65.2) |
|
|||||
| Past | 644 (28.2) | 584 (29.0) | 60 (23.7) | .10 | |||||
| Current | 287 (12.6) | 259 (12.8) | 28 (11.1) | ||||||
| Calcium supplement intake | 810 (22.0) | 135 (10.2) | 11 (13.6) | .43 | 594 (29.4) | 70 (27.7) | .61 | ||
| Physical activity, mean (SD), kcal/d | 1781 (2051) | 1961 (2081) | 1842 (2153) | .63 | 1661 (2023) | 1771 (2023) | .42 | ||
| Frailty status | |||||||||
| Not frail | 1609 (48.2) | 595 (49.3) | 30 (43.5) |
|
877 (47.9) | 107 (45.9) |
|
||
| Intermediate | 1513 (45.3) | 548 (45.4) | 35 (50.7) | .64 | 828 (45.2) | 102 (43.8) | .16 | ||
| Frail | 217 (6.5) | 64 (5.3) | 4 (5.8) | 125 (6.8) | 24 (10.3) | ||||
| Health status, self-reported | |||||||||
| Excellent/very good | 839 (22.8) | 294 (22.2) | 17 (21.2) |
|
467 (23.2) | 61 (24.2) |
|
||
| Good | 1353 (36.9) | 483 (36.5) | 32 (40.0) | .82 | 736 (36.5) | 102 (40.5) | .30 | ||
| Fair/poor | 1477 (40.2) | 546 (41.3) | 31 (38.8) | 811 (40.3) | 89 (35.3) | ||||
| Antiosteoporosis medication | 8 (0.2) | 0 | 0 | 8 (0.4) | 0 | .66 | |||
| Thyroid-altering medication | 417 (11.3) | 87 (6.6) | 6 (7.4) | .94 | 290 (14.4) | 34 (13.4) | .76 | ||
| Thyroid hormone medication | 339 (9.2) | 51 (3.8) | 5 (6.2) | .45 | 253 (12.5) | 30 (11.9) | .83 | ||
| T4 | 245 (72.3) | 39 (76.5) | 3 (60.0) | 182 (71.9) | 21 (70.0) | ||||
| T3 | 4 (1.2) | 1 (2.0) | 0 | 3 (1.2) | 0 | ||||
| T4 and T3 | 88 (26.0) | 11 (22.0) | 2 (40.0) | 67 (26.5) | 8 (26.7) | ||||
| Unknown type | 4 (1.2) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.4) | 1 (3.3) | ||||
| Antithyroid or corticosteroid medicationc | 92 (2.5) | 36 (2.7) | 1 (1.2) | .65 | 51 (2.5) | 4 (1.6) | .51 | ||
| Thyroid function | |||||||||
| Overt hypothyroidism | 62 (1.7) | 21 (1.6) | 1 (1.2) |
|
39 (2.0) | 1 (0.4) |
|
||
| Subclinical hypothyroidism | 543 (14.9) | 166 (12.6) | 18 (22.2) | 323 (16.2) | 36 (14.2) | ||||
| Euthyroidism | 2853 (78.3) | 1101 (83.5) | 58 (71.6) | .03 | 1496 (75.0) | 198 (78.3) | .39 | ||
| Subclinical hyperthyroidism | 171 (4.7) | 25 (1.9) | 4 (4.9) | 125 (6.3) | 17 (6.7) | ||||
| Overt hyperthyroidism | 17 (0.5) | 5 (0.4) | 0 | 11 (0.6) | 1 (0.4) | ||||
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as the weight in kilograms divided by height in kilograms squared); NA, not applicable; T3, triiodothyronine; T4, thyroxine.
Unless otherwise indicated, data are expressed as number (percentage) of patients. Data were missing for some characteristics; therefore, sums may not match the numbers given in the column headings. Perentages are based on the total for each characteristic and, because of rounding, may not sum to 100.
Determined with 2-sided t tests for mean values and χ2 tests for percentages.
Indicates antithyroid hormone (n = 1) or corticosteroid (n = 91) medication use in men and women.