Table 3.
Adherence to lymphedema management modalitiesa
| Modality Adherence | Baseline | 3-months | 6-months | 12-months | Odds Ratio (95% CI)b | P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise | ||||||
| <25% | 42 (52%) | 22 (31%) | 20 (29%) | 29 (43%) | 0.97 (0.90–1.05) | 0.447 |
| 25–49% | 20 (25%) | 14 (19%) | 21 (30%) | 15 (22%) | 0.99 (0.90–1.08) | 0.765 |
| 50–74% | 8 (10%) | 16 (22%) | 10 (14%) | 10 (15%) | 1.00 (0.89–1.12) | 0.988 |
| ≥75% | 11 (14%) | 20 (28%) | 19 (27%) | 14 (21%) | 1 – Referent | |
| Pneumatic Compression Pump | ||||||
| <25% | 5 (31%) | 6 (50%) | 6 (43%) | 3 (43%) | Insufficient Observationsc | — |
| 25–49% | 2 (13%) | 2 (17%) | 2 (14%) | 1 (14%) | ||
| 50–74% | 2 (13%) | 1 (8%) | 3 (21%) | 1 (14%) | ||
| ≥75% | 7 (44%) | 3 (25%) | 3 (21%) | 2 (30%) | ||
| Medications | ||||||
| <25% | 3 (43%) | 3 (43%) | 1 (33%) | 0 (0%) | Insufficient Observationsc | — |
| 25–49% | 2 (29%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (33%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| 50–74% | 0 (0%) | 1 (14%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| ≥75% | 2 (29%) | 3 (43%) | 1 (33%) | 2 (100%) | ||
| Bandaging | ||||||
| <25% | 31 (33%) | 31 (42%) | 29 (37%) | 27 (39%) | 1.04 (0.94–1.15) | 0.444 |
| 25–49% | 13 (14%) | 7 (9%) | 10 (13%) | 13 (19%) | 1.10 (0.94–1.28) | 0.233 |
| 50–74% | 13 (14%) | 8 (11%) | 15 (19%) | 8 (12%) | 0.96 (0.85–1.10) | 0.587 |
| ≥75% | 37 (39%) | 28 (38%) | 24 (31%) | 21 (30%) | 1 – Referent | |
| Elevation | ||||||
| <25% | 16 (27%) | 16 (42%) | 14 (29%) | 15 (31%) | 1.08 (0.97–1.20) | 0.146 |
| 25–49% | 9 (15%) | 5 (13%) | 12 (24%) | 11 (24%) | 0.99 (0.90–1.11) | 0.948 |
| 50–74% | 16 (27%) | 8 (21%) | 15 (31%) | 7 (14%) | 0.92 (0.79–1.07) | 0.292 |
| ≥75% | 18 (31%) | 9 (24%) | 8 (16%) | 15 (31%) | 1 – Referent | |
| Self-Administered Lymphatic Drainage | ||||||
| <25% | 20 (37%) | 22 (42%) | 18 (37%) | 27 (54%) | 1.15 (1.05–1.26) | 0.002 |
| 25–49% | 13 (24%) | 14 (26%) | 12 (24%) | 10 (20%) | 0.91 (0.75–1.10) | 0.310 |
| 50–74% | 9 (17%) | 10 (19%) | 7 (14%) | 5 (10%) | 1.02 (0.89–1.16) | 0.790 |
| ≥75% | 12 (22%) | 7 (13%) | 12 (24%) | 8 (16%) | 1 – Referent | |
| Therapist-Administered Lymphatic Drainage | ||||||
| <25% | 11 (17%) | 16 (40%) | 17 (49%) | 15 (45%) | 0.99 (0.94–1.05) | 0.874 |
| 25–49% | 14 (22%) | 4 (10%) | 2 (6%) | 3 (9%) | 0.98 (0.93–1.04) | 0.605 |
| 50–74% | 12 (19%) | 3 (8%) | 3 (9%) | 5 (15%) | 1.04 (0.98–1.10) | 0.231 |
| ≥75% | 27 (42%) | 17 (42%) | 13 (37%) | 10 (30%) | 1 – Referent | |
| Compression Garment | ||||||
| <25% | 27 (25%) | 26 (22%) | 19 (17%) | 25 (24%) | 0.99 (0.94–1.05) | 0.874 |
| 25–49% | 21 (19%) | 20 (17%) | 20 (18%) | 15 (14%) | 0.98 (0.93–1.04) | 0.605 |
| 50–74% | 17 (15%) | 22 (19%) | 28 (25%) | 24 (23%) | 1.03 (0.98–1.10) | 0.231 |
| ≥75% | 45 (41%) | 48 (41%) | 43 (39%) | 41 (39%) | 1 – Referent | |
| Skin Care | ||||||
| <25% | 1 (2%) | 1 (2%) | 1 (2%) | 1 (2%) | 1.02 (0.77–1.33) | 0.932 |
| 25–49% | 6 (13%) | 2 (4%) | 2 (4%) | 5 (11%) | 1.01 (0.88–1.16) | 0.892 |
| 50–74% | 7 (15%) | 9 (18%) | 10 (21%) | 7 (15%) | 1.00 (0.92–1.09) | 0.939 |
| ≥75% | 32 (70%) | 37 (76%) | 34 (72%) | 34 (72%) | 1 – Referent | |
| Taping | ||||||
| <25% | 3 (27%) | 1 (25%) | 4 (33%) | 4 (36%) | Insufficient Observationsc | — |
| 25–49% | 2 (18%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (17%) | 2 (18%) | ||
| 50–74% | 1 (9%) | 1 (25%) | 6 (50%) | 1 (9%) | ||
| ≥75% | 5 (45%) | 2 (50%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (36%) | ||
| Anything Else | ||||||
| <25% | 0 (0%) | 1 (100%) | 1 (100%) | 0 (0%) | Insufficient Observationsc | — |
| 25–49% | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| 50–74% | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| ≥75% | 1 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
|
| ||||||
| All Lymphedema Management Modalities (Overall Average)d | ||||||
| <25% | 16 (13%) | 19 (15%) | 13 (11%) | 15 (14%) | 0.99 (0.92–1.07) | 0.886 |
| 25–49% | 26 (28%) | 26 (21%) | 28 (23%) | 28 (26%) | 1.00 (0.95–1.06) | 0.812 |
| 50–74% | 39 (31%) | 37 (30%) | 43 (36%) | 33 (31%) | 1.01 (0.95–1.06) | 0.799 |
| ≥75% | 37 (29%) | 41 (33%) | 37 (31%) | 32 (30%) | 1 – Referent | |
a
Variables are n (%).
b
Multinomial logistic regression, adjusting for age, race, occupation, education, time since diagnosis, cancer stage, no. of nodes removed, radiation, chemotherapy, baseline arm volume difference, randomized group assignment, and diagnosis of lymphedema flare-up while in the study, and accounting for within subject clustering. Other variables listed in Table 1 were omitted on the basis of multicollinearity.
c
Due to small cell sizes of these modalities, a statistical model could not be calculated.
d
Excluding the women who reported being prescribed no self-care activities in this time interval.