Table 1. Clinical characteristics of study population.

	Type 2 diabetes	Control	P
N	5338	4663
Male, %	43.3	32.2	<0.0001
Age, year	56.0 (47.0, 64.0)	49.0 (44.0, 56.0)	<0.0001
Body weight, kg	66.1 (59.0, 75.0)	59.1 (54.0, 65.0)	<0.0001
BMI, kg/m2	25.6 (23.4, 28.2)	23.1 (21.3, 24.8)	<0.0001
Waist circumference, cm	88.0 (81.0, 95.0)	79.0 (73.0, 85.0)	<0.0001
Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/l	7.3 (6.2, 9.0)	5.0 (4.7, 5.4)	<0.0001
30-min OGTT glucose, mmol/l	11.9 (9.8, 14.3)	8.1 (7.0, 9.2)	<0.0001
2-h OGTT glucose, mmol/l	13.4 (11.2, 17.0)	5.8 (4.9, 6.6)	<0.0001
Fasting serum insulin, mU/l	8.7 (6.1, 12.6)	6.3 (4.9, 8.5)	<0.0001
30-min OGTT insulin, mU/l	20.1 (11.5, 36.3)	32.9 (21.0, 52.5)	<0.0001
2-h OGTT insulin, mU/l	32.2 (18.6, 60.4)	22.2 (13.7, 35.0)	<0.0001
HOMA-B, %	47.0 (28.0, 77.0)	85.5 (61.0,125.6)	<0.0001
Insulinogenic index	2.9 (1.3, 6.3)	9.4 (5.0, 17.3)	0.0032
HOMA-IR	3.0 (1.9, 4.6)	1.4 (1.1, 1.9)	<0.0001
ISIm	4.3 (2.9, 6.3)	8.4 (6.2, 11.3)	<0.0001

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; ISIm, Matsuda index.

Data are shown as median (interquartile range) or %.