Table 1.
Summary of the published studies of gap junction-independent functions of connexins on tumorigenic cell growth, migration, apoptosis, and cell signaling.
| References | Cell | Connexin | GJIC-independent functions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kalra et al. [14] | MDA-MB-435 cells | Cx26 | Inhibits anchorage-independent growth and cell migration. Decreases β1 integrin and MMP-9 activity. Increases TIMP-1 activity |
| Xu et al. [15] | NSCLC patient samples and LH7 cells | Cx43 | Inhibits proliferation and cell cycle transition |
| Ionta et al. [16] | HTC and BRL3A cells | Cx43 | Decreases cell growth and reverts the transformed phenotype |
| Li et al. [17] | HuH7 and Li-7 cells | Cx32 | Increases cell proliferation, migration, and invasion |
| Lamiche et al. [18] | LNCaP and PC3 cells | Cx43 | Increases migration in LNCaP cells Decreases proliferation, adhesion, and invasion in PC3 cells |
| Zucker et al. [19] | WM793B and 1205Lu cells | Cx43 | Decreases anchorage-independent growth and increases invasion |
| Zhang et al. [20] | BEAS-2B, WI-38, Calu-3, A549, NCI-H1299, NCI-H460, and NCI-H226 cells | Cx31.1 | Decreases cell proliferation, delays cell cycle at G1 phase, decreases migration and invasion |
| McLachlan et al. [21] | MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435 cells | Cx26 Cx43 |
Decreases anchorage-independent growth and migration. Reverses EMT Inhibits endothelial cell tubulogenesis and migration, reducing tumor angiogenesis |
| Fukushima et al. [22] | PC3 and LNCaP cells | Cx43 | In combination with Docetaxel, inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis |
| Mauro et al. [23] | JKT-1 cells | Cx43 | In combination with Griseofulvin, induces apoptosis |
| Sun et al. [24] | BxPC-3, SW1990, PaTu8988, PANC-1, AsPC-1 and CFPAC-1 cells | Cx43 | Increase apoptosis and inhibit cell growth |
| Sato et al. [25] | A549 cells | Cx32 | In combination with Vinorelbine, induces apoptosis and decreases cell proliferation |
| Fujimoto et al. [32] | Caki-1 cells | Cx32 | Induces apoptosis and decreases cell proliferation |
| Langlois et al. [34] | REK, Hs 456.Sk, and SCC-13 cells | Cx43 | Cells with reduced Cx43 expression have increased EMT and invasive features |
| Herrero-Gonzalez et al. [35] | C6 cells | Cx43 | Inhibits progression to S phase in the cell cycle, decreases rate of proliferation. Diminishes c-Src activity |
| Crespin et al. [37] | LN18 and HEK293 cells | Cx43 | Inhibits cell growth and increases cell migration, and induces actin cytoskeleton reorganization by C-terminal tail of Cx43 |
| Gellhaus et al. [38] | 293T cells | Cx43 | The C-terminal tail of Cx43 interacts with CCN3 and reduces the growth of 293T cells |
| Johnstone et al. [39] | HeLa and HFF cells | Cx43 | Increased Cx43 expression delays mitotic durations and reduces cell proliferation |