Table 2.
Effects of combinations of ITC with other anti-cancer agents
| BITC | Concentrations and treatment time of ITCs | Combination with other agents | Concentrations | Cancer Type | Targets affected by combination treatment | Effect of combined treatment | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BITC | 5μM (18h) | TRAIL | 10ng/ml (6h) | Pancreatic | ↑ Caspase cleavage, ↓XIAP, ↑ BID cleavage, ↑ PARP cleavage | Synergistic | [192] |
| 20μM (1h) | Cisplatin | 15, 30, 45μM (48h) | Lung | ↓ β-Tubulin | Sensitization | [193]. | |
| 10μM (3days) | SFN | 10μM (3days) | Pancreatic | ↓ STAT3 | Synergistic | [202] | |
| 9, 12μmol(10 week) | PEITC (10 week) | 12μmol | Lung | ↓ Chemically induced tumorigenesis | Synergistic | [203] | |
| 2.5μM (24h) | Radiation | 5Gy (24–48h) | Pancreatic | ↑ Caspase cleavage, ↑ G2/M cell cycle Arrest, ↑ ATR, ↑ Chk2, ↑ Cdc25c, ↑ Cdk-1, ↑ p21Wafl/Cip1 | Synergistic | [58] | |
| PEITC | 5, 10μM (8, 24h) | Cisplatin | 5, 10μM (8, 24h) | Cervical | ↑ ERK, ↑ JNK, ↑ p38, ↑ MAPK | Synergistic | [181] |
| 20μM (1h) | Cisplatin | 15, 30, 45μM (48h) | Lung | ↓ β-Tubulin | Sensitization | [193] | |
| 0.1, 0.5, 2.5, 5μM (24h) | Adriyamycin | 20, 25μM (24h) | Cervical | ↓ pkc, ↓ Telomerase | Synergistic | [195] | |
| 0.1, 0.5, 2.5, 5μM (24h) | Etoposide | 20, 25μM (24h) | Cervical | ↓ pkc, ↓ Telomerase | Synergistic | [195] | |
| 5μM (48h) | Paclitaxel | 10nM (48h) | Breast | ↑ G2/M cell cycle Arrest | Synergistic | [196] | |
| 5μM (24h), 25mg/kg (50 days) | Platinum agents | 40 μM (24h), 5mg/kg (50 days) | Lung | ↓ GSH mediated export, ↑ ROS, ↑ DNA damage | Sensitization | [177] | |
| 5μM (24h) | Metformin | 8mM (24h) | Ovarian (Cisplatin resistant) | ↑ ROS | Synergistic | [178] | |
| 2.5μM (6h) | Vorinostat | 2μM (18h) | Leukemia | ↑ ROS | Synergistic | [179] | |
| 2μM (24h) | Docetaxel | 1nM (24h) | Prostate | ↑ XIAP, ↓ BCL-2 | Synergistic | [97] | |
| 0.025% in diet (10 and 16 weeks) | Curcumin | 1% in diet (10 and 16 weeks) | Prostate | ↓ PDK-1/AKT | Synergistic | [208] | |
| 2.5μmol (28 days) | Curcumin | 3μmol (28 days) | Prostate | ↓ AKT | Synergistic | [209] | |
| 10μM (24h) | Curcumin | 25μM (24h) | Prostate | ↓ EGFR, ↓ AKT, ↓ NFkB | Synergistic | [210] | |
| 2μM (24h) | SFN | 0.4μM (24h) | Leukemia | ↓ iNOS, ↓ COX-2, ↓ prostaglandin E2 ↓ tumor necrosis factor (TNF), ↓ interleukin-1 (IL-1) | Synergistic | [206] | |
| 0.008% in diet (17 weeks) | d-limonene, Indole-3carbinol | 0.63%, 0.18% in diet (17 weeks) | Lung | ↓ Chemically induced tumorigenesis | Synergistic | [183] | |
| SFN | 20μM (24, 48h) | Radiation | 2Gy (24, 48h) | Osteosarcoma | ↑ Caspase cleavage, ↓ ERK, ↓ AKT, ↓ G2/M cell cycle arrest | Synergistic | [176] |
| 10μM (0, 12, 24, 48, 72h) | Radiation | 4Gy (0, 12, 24, 48, 72h) | Head and Neck Cancer | ↓ AKT, ↓ MCL-1 | Synergistic | [184] | |
| 3μM (24h) | Arsenic trioxide | 1μM (24h) | Multiple Myeloma | ↑ ER stress, ↑ HSP90, ↑ PERK, ↑ eIF2α, ↑ Unfolded protein response, ↑ ROS | Synergistic | [185] | |
| 20–30μM (16h) | 5-FU | 45–60μM (16h) | Salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma | ↓ NFkB | Synergistic | [182] | |
| 25μM (24h) | Adriyamycin | 0.6–10μM (24h) | Adriyamycin resistant mouse fibroblasta with mutant p53 | ↑p53 | Sensitization | [194] | |
| 1–20μM (6, 24h) | Oxaliplatin | 100nM – 10μM (6, 24h) | Colorectal Cancer | ↑ DNA fragmentation | Synergistic | [197] | |
| 10μM (72h) 3mg/kg (3 days) |
Sorafenib | 20μM (48h) 60mg/kg (3 days) |
Pancreatic cancer stem cells | ↓ALDH1, ↓ NFkB | Synergistic | [180] | |
| 25μM (24h) | Resveratrol | 25μM (24h) | Glioma cells | ↓ LDH, ↓ AKT, ↑ Caspase 3 cleavage | Synergistic | [186] | |
| 20μM (48, 72h) | Diindolylmethane | 20μM (48, 72h) | Colon | ↑ G2/M cell cycle arrest | Antagonistic (At low concentrations) Synergistic (At higher concentrations) | [201] | |
| Quercetin | Pancreatic cancer stem cells | ↓ BCL-2, ↓ XIAP, ↑ Caspase 3 cleavage | Synergistic | [187] | |||
| 10, 20μM (16h) | Quercetin | 25, 50μM (16h) | Melanoma | ↓ MMP-9 | Synergistic | [188] | |
| 10μM (6days) | Epigallocatechin gallate | 20μM (6days) | Ovarian | ↓ hTERT, ↓ BCL-2 | Synergistic | [213] | |
| 25μM (24h) 45mg/kg (3, 12h) |
Epigallocatechin gallate | 20, 100μM (24h) 100mg/kg (3, 12h) |
Prostate | ↓ Nrf2, ↓ AP-1 | Synergistic | [212] |