Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics of study participants.
| HIV-exposed (N = 160) | HIV-unexposed (N = 167) | Total (N = 327) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) age (years) | 7.4 (3.4) | 7.7 (3.2) | 7.6 (3.3) | 0.5 |
| Female gender | 91 (57) | 98 (59) | 189 (58) | 0.4 |
| Ethnicity | 0.5 | |||
| Thai | 102 (64) | 112 (67) | 214 (65) | |
| Cambodian | 58 (36) | 55 (33) | 113 (35) | |
| Primary caregiver | 0.009 | |||
| Parent | 149 (93) | 140 (84) | 289 (88) | |
| Grandparent | 4 (3) | 18 (11) | 22 (7) | |
| Aunt/uncle | 5 (3) | 8 (5) | 13 (4) | |
| Orphanage | 1 (1) | 0 | 1 | |
| Unknown | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 2 | |
| Income | <0.001 | |||
| Very low | 10 (6) | 8 (5) | 18 (6) | |
| Low | 81 (51) | 48 (29) | 129 (39) | |
| Average | 58 (36) | 90 (54) | 148 (45) | |
| Above average | 8 (5) | 19 (11) | 27 (8) | |
| Unknown | 3 (2) | 2 (1) | 5 (2) | |
| Child attends school | 0.7 | |||
| No | 27 (17) | 24 (14) | 51 (16) | |
| Yes | 131 (82) | 142 (85) | 273 (83) | |
| Unknown | 2 (1) | 1 (0.6) | 3 (1) | |
| Education of caregiver | <0.001 | |||
| None | 17 (11) | 8 (5) | 25 (8) | |
| Elementary | 83 (52) | 47 (28) | 130 (40) | |
| High/vocational | 47 (29) | 73 (44) | 120 (37) | |
| Bachelor | 7 (4) | 26 (16) | 33 (10) | |
| Masters/Ph.D. | 1 (1) | 9 (5) | 10 (3) | |
| Unknown | 5 (3) | 4 (2) | 9 (3) |
Note: Age between groups was compared using an unpaired t-test; categorical variables were compared using a chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test as appropriate. p ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant (shown in bold font).