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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2014 Apr 10;0:127–134. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2014.03.009

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Schematic of BMP signaling in promoting axon regeneration. BMP can activate a pro-regenerative transcriptional program through the Smad-mediated canonical pathway. Smad1 works together with histone-modifying enzymes to increase histone acetylation levels, which in turn facilitates Smad1 promoter binding and transcription of regeneration-associated genes (RAGs) by way of local chromatin relaxation. BMP also regulates local cytoskeletal assembly through non-canonical pathways, such as LIMK-cofilin signaling. Retrogradely transported signaling endosomes may control microtubule stability and link cytoskeletal and nuclear responses to BMPs.