TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants (n = 158)
| Age | |
| Mean (SD) | 64.80 (9.18) |
| Age group (n, %) | |
| 50–59 | 44 (27.8) |
| 60–69 | 71 (44.9) |
| 70–79 | 29 (18.4) |
| 80+ | 14 (8.9) |
| Gender | |
| Male | 34 (21.5) |
| Female | 124 (78.5) |
| Race/ethnicity | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 67 (42.4) |
| African American/Black | 52 (32.9) |
| Hispanic | 39 (24.7) |
| Education | |
| <High school diploma | 34 (7.6) |
| High school diploma/GED | 31 (19.6) |
| Some college (no degree) | 53 (33.5) |
| 2- or 4-year college degree | 22 (13.9) |
| Graduate school | 15 (9.5) |
| Family income | |
| Up to $15,000 | 98 (62.0) |
| $15,001–$25,000 | 35 (22.2) |
| $25,001–$35,000 | 11 (7.0) |
| $35,001+ | 7 (4.4) |
| Refused | 7 (4.4) |
| Self-reported financial situation | |
| Can’t make ends meet | 40 (25.3) |
| Just about manage to get by | 90 (57.0) |
| Have enough to get along | 23 (14.6) |
| Money is not a problem | 4 (2.5) |
| Refused | 1 (0.6) |
| Living arrangement | |
| Living alone | 101 (64.3) |
| Living with spouse and/or other | 57 (35.7) |
| Number of diagnosed chronic illness | |
| Mean (SD) | 3.06 (1.54) |
| Number of activities of daily living impairment | |
| Mean (SD) | 1.43 (1.31) |
| Number of instrumental activities of daily living impairment | |
| Mean (SD) | 2.69 (1.51) |
| DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of depression | |
| Major depressive disorder | 103 (65.2) |
| Depressive disorder, NOS | 47 (29.7) |
| Dysthymia | 8 (5.1) |
| HAMD score | |
| Mean (SD) | 23.89 (6.52) |
| Range | 15–42 |
| WHODAS II score | |
| Mean (SD) | 35.97 (9.06) |
| Range | 13–56 |