Table 5.

Simulation Results: Biases and Coverage of Model Estimates

Scenario Assumption Violation	I -	II (A4)	III (A3) & (A5)	IV (A3)–(A5)
${\lambda }_1^x={\lambda }_2^x=0.5$
β1z (s.e.)	0.009 (0.049)	0.004 (0.063)	−0.012 (0.029)	0.008(0.027)
coverage	0.888	0.826	0.914	0.888
β2z (s.e.)	−0.014 (0.072)	−0.014 (0.073)	−0.040 (0.034)	−0.025 (0.038)
coverage	0.794	0.726	0.714	0.728
$E({\mathrm{\Lambda }}_{1․,11}^z)$	0.016	−0.014	−0.222	−0.233
$E({\mathrm{\Lambda }}_{1․,21}^z)$	−0.007	0.006	0.077	0.080
$E({\mathrm{\Lambda }}_{1․,22}^z)$	0.003	−0.002	−0.074	−0.075
$E({\mathrm{\Lambda }}_{2․,11}^z)$	0.006	−0.008	−0.066	−0.071
$E({\mathrm{\Lambda }}_{2․,21}^z)$	−0.005	0.006	0.008	0.011
$E({\mathrm{\Lambda }}_{2․,22}^z)$	0.005	−0.006	0.006	0.007
${\lambda }_1^x=0.5,{\lambda }_2^x=1$
β1z	0.005 (0.052)	0.012 (0.055)	−0.005 (0.028)	−0.006 (0.047)
coverage	0.926	0.886	0.714	0.774
β2z	−0.030 (0.071)	−0.028 (0.079)	−0.043 (0.037)	−0.008 (0.057)
coverage	0.764	0.768	0.728	0.638
$E({\mathrm{\Lambda }}_{1․,11}^z)$	0.007	−0.004	−0.210	−0.220
$E({\mathrm{\Lambda }}_{1․,21}^z)$	−0.002	0.001	0.070	0.074
$E({\mathrm{\Lambda }}_{1․,22}^z)$	−0.001	0.002	−0.071	−0.072
$E({\mathrm{\Lambda }}_{2․,11}^z)$	−0.002	0.0004	−0.054	−0.061
$E({\mathrm{\Lambda }}_{2․,21}^z)$	0.002	−0.002	0.002	0.004
$E({\mathrm{\Lambda }}_{2․,22}^z)$	−0.001	0.001	0.010	0.010