Table 1.
Characteristics of patients before and after reconfiguration of acute stroke services in Greater Manchester and London compared with rest of England
| Rest of England | Greater Manchester | London | Difference-in-differences* | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before (n=122 084) | After (n=85 483) | Difference | Before (n=9413) | After (n=8237) | Difference | Before (n=18 672) | After (n=15 026) | Difference | Manchester minus rest of England | London minus rest of England | ||||
| Unadjusted outcomes | ||||||||||||||
| Unadjusted mortality: | ||||||||||||||
| At 3 days (%) | 6.6 | 5.7 | −0.9 | 6.3 | 5.6 | −0.7 | 5.8 | 4.6 | −1.2 | 0.2 | −0.3 | |||
| At 30 days (%) | 19.2 | 16.9 | −2.4 | 18.1 | 16.5 | −1.6 | 16.8 | 14.1 | −2.8 | 0.7 | −0.4 | |||
| At 90 days (%) | 25.8 | 22.7 | −3.1 | 25.2 | 21.9 | −3.3 | 23.0 | 19.4 | −3.6 | −0.2 | −0.4 | |||
| Mean unadjusted length of hospital stay (days) | 21.0 | 18.4 | −2.6 | 21.7 | 17.7 | −4.0 | 20.6 | 17.8 | −2.8 | −1.4 | −0.2 | |||
| Patient characteristics | ||||||||||||||
| Age (year): | ||||||||||||||
| Mean | 75.6 | 75.3 | −0.3 | 74.3 | 73.9 | −0.4 | 73.0 | 73.3 | 0.2 | −0.1 | 0.5 | |||
| ≥75 (%) | 60.6 | 59.3 | −1.3 | 56.0 | 53.6 | −2.4 | 54.3 | 54.4 | 0.1 | −1.1 | 1.4 | |||
| Female (%) | 53.0 | 52.2 | −0.8 | 52.6 | 50.4 | −2.1 | 51.0 | 49.8 | −1.2 | −1.4 | −0.4 | |||
| White British ethnic group (%) | 84.3 | 86.4 | 2.1 | 82.9 | 84.2 | 1.2 | 58.5 | 55.0 | −3.5 | −0.9 | −5.6 | |||
| Intracerebral haemorrhage (%)† | 12.8 | 12.7 | −0.2 | 11.5 | 11.7 | 0.2 | 15.7 | 14.8 | −0.9 | 0.3 | −0.7 | |||
| Cerebral infarction (%)‡ | 65.1 | 71.6 | 6.5 | 61.6 | 64.4 | 2.8 | 68.9 | 76.1 | 7.2 | −3.7 | 0.7 | |||
| Stroke, not specified as haemorrhage or infarction (%)§ | 22.1 | 15.7 | −6.3 | 26.9 | 23.9 | −3.0 | 15.4 | 9.1 | −6.3 | 3.3 | 0.0 | |||
| Charlson index (mean score) | 1.9 | 1.9 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |||
| Most deprived fifth (%)¶ | 17.2 | 17.6 | 0.4 | 8.4 | 10.3 | 1.9 | 12.6 | 13.2 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 0.2 | |||
*Unadjusted difference-in-differences between regions showing change over time in Greater Manchester and London minus change over time in rest of England.
†Primary diagnosis of stroke with ICD-10 diagnostic code I61.
‡Primary diagnosis of stroke with ICD-10 diagnostic code I63.
§Primary diagnosis of stroke with ICD-10 diagnostic code I64.
¶Based on 32 482 small areas (lower layer super output areas) of residence in England.