Table 5.
Microbiology and antibiotic use in patients who had been admitted for 2 days or less vs. more than 2 days on the study day
| LOS ≤2d (n = 492) | LOS >2d (n = 899) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microorganisms: Positive isolates | 260 (53) | 669 (74.4) | <0.001 |
| Gram-positive bacteria | |||
| Methicillin-sensitive S aureus | 10 (3.8) | 11 (1.6) | 0.04 |
| Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus | 7 (2.7) | 27 (4) | 0.33 |
| Methicillin-sensitive coagulase-negative Staphylococci | 4 (1.5) | 23 (3.4) | 0.12 |
| Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci | 5 (1.9) | 20 (3.0) | 0.37 |
| Enterococci, ampicillin-sensitive | 22 (8.5) | 100 (14.9) | <0.01 |
| Group A, B, C, G Streptococcus | 4 (1.5) | 10 (1.5) | 0.96 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 1 (0.4) | 4 (0.6) | 0.69 |
| Streptococcus, other than group A, B, C and D | 11 (4.2) | 20 (3) | 0.34 |
| Gram-positive cocci, other | 2 (0.8) | 6 (0.9) | 0.85 |
| Gram-positive bacilli, other | 2 (0.8) | 6 (0.9) | 0.85 |
| Enterococci, ampicillin-resistant | 23 (8.8) | 47 (7.0) | 0.35 |
| Gram-negative bacteria | |||
| Escherichia coli | 74 (28.5) | 137 (20.5) | <0.01 |
| Enterobacter spp. | 22 (8.5) | 55 (8.2) | 0.91 |
| Klebsiella spp. | 21 (8.1) | 64 (9.6) | 0.48 |
| Proteus spp. | 13 (5.0) | 34 (5.1) | 0.96 |
| Salmonella spp. | 2 (0.8) | 5 (0.7) | 0.97 |
| Serratia spp. | 2 (0.8) | 3 (0.4) | 0.55 |
| Citrobacter spp. | 1 (0.4) | 12 (1.8) | 0.10 |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 17 (6.5) | 69 (10.3) | 0.08 |
| Pseudomonas, other than P aeruginosa | 0 (0.0) | 4 (0.6) | 0.21 |
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | 5 (1.9) | 12 (1.8) | 0.90 |
| Acinetobacter spp. | 8 (3.1) | 27 (4) | 0.49 |
| Campylobacter spp. | 4 (1.5) | 3 (0.4) | 0.09 |
| Haemophilus spp. | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.3) | 0.38 |
| Enterobacteria, other | 4 (1.5) | 5 (0.7) | 0.27 |
| Bacillus | 3 (1.2) | 10 (1.5) | 0.69 |
| Anaerobes | |||
| Clostridium | 21 (8.1) | 72 (10.8) | 0.22 |
| Anaerobic cocci | 2 (0.8) | 5 (0.7) | 0.97 |
| Bacteroides | 9 (3.5) | 20 (3.0) | 0.71 |
| Anaerobes, other | 9 (3.5) | 6 (0.9) | <0.01 |
| Mycobacteria | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.1) | 0.49 |
| Fungi | |||
| Candida albicans | 29 (11.2) | 89 (13.3) | 0.38 |
| Candida non-albicans | 6 (2.3) | 32 (4.8) | 0.09 |
| Aspergillus | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.3) | 0.38 |
| Fungi, other | 1 (0.4) | 4 (0.6) | 0.69 |
| Antibiotic use | |||
| Cephalosporins | 115 (23.4) | 145 (16.1) | <0.001 |
| Penicillins | 191 (38.9) | 290 (32.3) | 0.01 |
| Other beta lactams | 116 (23.6) | 331 (36.8) | <0.001 |
| Aminoglycosides | 64 (13.0) | 114 (12.7) | 0.85 |
| Quinolones | 67 (13.6) | 131 (14.6) | 0.64 |
| Glycopeptides | 78 (15.9) | 252 (28) | <0.001 |
| Macrolides | 7 (1.4) | 23 (2.6) | 0.17 |
| Other antibiotics | 194 (39.5) | 355 (39.5) | 0.99 |
| Antifungals | 80 (16.3) | 266 (29.6) | <0.001 |