Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and postsurgery changes
| Presurgery | Postsurgery | p values | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at time of surgery (years) | 40.3 ± 8.5 | ||
| Female sex—N (%) | 9 (100) | ||
| Height (cm) | 167.8 ± 8.0 | ||
| Weight (kg) | 122.2 ± 23.5 | ||
| Diabetes duration at time of surgery (years) | 25.3 ± 8.9 | ||
| Mean age at DM diagnosis (years) | 15.0 ± 8.2 | ||
| Low or undetectable C-peptide level—N (%) | 4 (44 %) | ||
| Autoantibodies present (GAD, IA2, IAA)—N (%) | 3 (33 %) | ||
| Insulin pump—N (%) | 5 (56 %) | ||
| Insulin pump and pramlintide | 1 (11 %) | ||
| Multiple daily injections—N (%) | 4 (44 %) | ||
| Multiple daily injections and metformin | 1 (11 %) | ||
| Supplemental medications—N (%) | 2 (22 %) | ||
| Pramlintide, metformin | |||
| HbA1c (%) | 8.0 ± 1.3 | 7.1 ± 0.9 | <0.05 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 43.8 ± 8.0 | 38.7 ± 8.6 | <0.05 |
| Basal insulin requirement (U/day) | 59.7 ± 43.8 | 32.6 ± 20.9 | <0.05 |
| % Basal insulin compared to presurgery (n = 9) | N/A | 54.6 | |
| Basal insulin/kg/day (U/kg/day) | 0.47 ± 0.28 | 0.29 ± 0.14 | <0.05 |
| % Basal insulin/kg/day compared to presurgery | N/A | 61.8 | |
| Meal bolus insulin requirement (U/day) (n = 4) | 53.0 ± 27.3 | 18.1 ± 12.6 | 0.061 |
| % bolus insulin compared to presurgery | N/A | 40.1 | |
| Meal bolus dose/kg/day (U/kg/day) | 0.44 ± 0.24 | 0.15 ± 0.09 | 0.076 |
| % bolus insulin/kg/day compared to presurgery | N/A | 34.6 | |
| Total daily insulin requirement (U/day) (n = 4) | 113 ± 33.8 | 52.6 ± 28.2 | <0.05 |
| % TDD compared to presurgery | N/A | 46.9 | |
| Total daily dose/kg/day (U/kg/day) | 0.93 ± 0.14 | 0.51 ± 0.26 | <0.05 |
| % TDD insulin/kg/day compared to presurgery | N/A | 50.7 | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 124.0 ± 8.7 | 113.7 ± 22.0 | 0.14 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74.2 ± 7.4 | 67.3 ± 6.0 | 0.06 |
| Supplemental medications—N (%) | 2 (22 %) | 0 (0 %) | |
| Assessment postsurgery (weeks) | 7.7 ± 5.8 | ||
Values are represented as mean ± SD. Baseline characteristics of type 1 diabetes subjects who underwent GB were obtained during the last presurgery visit. HbA1c, BMI, blood pressure, and insulin requirements were obtained during the first postsurgical visit (mean 7.7 ± 5.8 weeks) and the last presurgical visit
TDD total daily dose, MDI multiple dose injections