Figure 1.

Concentrations of A2E can exceed vitamin A esters in the aged human eye. (a) Representative LC trace of A2E and an extract from an 87-year-old eye. A2E and oxidized A2E were defined as all peaks shown in the chromatogram. Peaks from A2E isomers and their oxidation products (blue line) overlapped with peaks from extracts from human eyes (red line), with the exception of the first peak. The first eluting peak, seen in the oxidized A2E sample, was absent in the human-derived extract. (b) Total amount of A2E and oxidized A2E measured in the human eyes