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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Aug 6.

Published in final edited form as: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014 Jan 17;62(1):130–134. doi: 10.1111/jgs.12600

Table 2.

Effects of the Time-Invariant Covariates Measured at Baseline

	Depressive symptoms		Memory
	Initial level	Rate of change	Initial level	Rate of change
Age (years)	0.008	−0.002	−0.037^**	−0.007^*
Female sex	0.530^**	0.021	0.254^**	0.024
Black	−0.498^**	−0.022	−0.308^**	−0.029
Hispanic	0.262^*	−0.071	−0.300^**	0.048
Education (years)	−0.015	−0.001	0.049^**	0.003
Recruitment year^a	0.177	−0.115	−0.109^*	−0.109^**

^a

1992 or 1999

^*

P<.05

^**

P<.001