Table 1.
Prevalence of diabetes mellitus by participants’ characteristics
| Demographic Variables | HCC Patients | Controls | p | Prevalence of diabetes |
p * | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N=420 | (%) | N=1104 | (%) | Cases N =140 |
(%) | Controls N=115 |
(%) | |||
| Sex | .001 | |||||||||
| 299 | 71.2 | 636 | 57.6 | 112 | 37.5 | 78 | 12.3 | <0.0001 | ||
| Male | ||||||||||
| 121 | 28.8 | 468 | 42.4 | 28 | 23.1 | 37 | 7.9 | <0.0001 | ||
| Female | ||||||||||
| Age (years) | .001 | |||||||||
| 15 | 3.6 | 50 | 4.5 | 1 | 6.7 | 1 | 2.0 | 0.4 | ||
| ≤40 | ||||||||||
| 46 | 10.9 | 181 | 16.4 | 5 | 10.9 | 14 | 7.7 | 0.3 | ||
| 41-50 | ||||||||||
| 119 | 28.3 | 336 | 30.4 | 33 | 27.7 | 34 | 10.1 | <0.0001 | ||
| 51-59 | ||||||||||
| 117 | 27.9 | 358 | 32.4 | 55 | 47.0 | 39 | 10.9 | <0.0001 | ||
| 60-69 | ||||||||||
| 123 | 29.3 | 179 | 16.2 | 46 | 37.4 | 27 | 15.1 | <0.0001 | ||
| ≥70 | ||||||||||
| Ethnicity | .001 | |||||||||
| 294 | 70.0 | 973 | 88.1 | 92 | 31.3 | 92 | 9.5 | <0.0001 | ||
| Non-Hispanic white | ||||||||||
| 56 | 13.3 | 84 | 7.6 | 32 | 57.1 | 14 | 16.7 | <0.0001 | ||
| Hispanics | ||||||||||
| 40 | 9.5 | 39 | 3.5 | 11 | 27.5 | 6 | 15.4 | 0.1 | ||
| African Americans | ||||||||||
| 30 | 7.1 | 8 | 0.7 | 5 | 16.7 | 3 | 37.5 | 0.2 | ||
| Asians | ||||||||||
| Educational level | .001 | |||||||||
| 198 | 47.1 | 316 | 28.6 | 67 | 33.8 | 39 | 12.3 | <0.0001 | ||
| ≤ High school | ||||||||||
| 94 | 22.4 | 287 | 26.0 | 32 | 34.0 | 26 | 9.1 | <0.0001 | ||
| Some colleges | ||||||||||
| 128 | 30.5 | 501 | 45.4 | 41 | 32.0 | 50 | 10.0 | <0.0001 | ||
| ≥ College degree | ||||||||||
| State of residency | .5 | |||||||||
| 308 | 73.3 | 809 | 73.3 | 106 | 34.4 | 90 | 11.1 | <0.0001 | ||
| TX, LA, AK, NM,OK † | ||||||||||
| 112 | 26.7 | 295 | 26.7 | 34 | 30.4 | 25 | 8.5 | <0.0001 | ||
| Other states | ||||||||||
*
P value for the difference in diabetes prevalence between cases and controls in each characteristic
†
States of Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, New Mexico, and Oklahoma