Table 1.
Trends in Prayer Use and Depression -- Weighted Percentages by Characteristics of the Study Sample National Health Interview Survey, 2002 and 2007
| ALL | Prayed and Depressed | Prayed and Not Depressed | Never Prayed and Depressed | Never Prayed and Not Depressed | Sig | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2002 | 2007 | 2002 | 2007 | 2002 | 2007 | 2002 | 2007 | ||
| 6.9 | 6.9 | 40.2 | 45.7 | 4.0 | 3.3 | 48.9 | 44.1 | *** | |
| Gender | |||||||||
| Women | 9.1 | 8.9 | 46.5 | 51.7 | 4.2 | 3.3 | 40.2 | 36.1 | *** |
| Men | 4.5 | 4.8 | 33.3 | 39.2 | 3.9 | 3.3 | 58.3 | 52.7 | *** |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||||
| White | 6.0 | 6.1 | 38.1 | 43.2 | 4.1 | 3.4 | 51.8 | 47.3 | *** |
| African American | 10.7 | 10.8 | 54.7 | 61.2 | 3.5 | 2.0 | 31.1 | 26.1 | *** |
| Latino | 9.3 | 8.2 | 41.5 | 48.3 | 4.4 | 3.6 | 44.8 | 39.9 | *** |
| Other | 6.2 | 5.6 | 32.9 | 37.7 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 57.2 | 52.4 | |
| Age | |||||||||
| Less than 50 years | 6.1 | 6.2 | 35.8 | 40.7 | 4.5 | 3.6 | 53.6 | 49.5 | *** |
| 50 64 | 8.2 | 8.5 | 43.6 | 49.9 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 44.7 | 38.7 | *** |
| 65 and older | 8.5 | 7.3 | 52.9 | 58.1 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 35.9 | 31.6 | *** |
| Marital Status | |||||||||
| Married | 5.8 | 5.6 | 41.7 | 47.7 | 3.3 | 2.8 | 49.2 | 44.0 | *** |
| Other | 8.8 | 9.2 | 37.6 | 42.5 | 5.3 | 4.2 | 48.4 | 44.1 | *** |
| Education | |||||||||
| LT HS | 12.0 | 11.8 | 39.9 | 46.9 | 6.2 | 4.6 | 41.9 | 36.7 | *** |
| HS | 8.0 | 8.5 | 39.1 | 45.1 | 4.5 | 4.0 | 48.4 | 42.5 | *** |
| Above HS | 4.7 | 4.7 | 40.9 | 45.9 | 3.1 | 2.6 | 51.3 | 46.9 | *** |
| Poverty Status | |||||||||
| Poor | 14.6 | 15.6 | 39.9 | 44.0 | 7.3 | 5.8 | 38.2 | 34.6 | + |
| Middle Income | 10.7 | 10.5 | 43.0 | 48.7 | 5.3 | 4.2 | 41.0 | 36.7 | *** |
| High Income | 4.9 | 4.7 | 39.0 | 45.4 | 3.4 | 2.9 | 52.7 | 47.1 | *** |
| Missing | 6.7 | 6.4 | 41.6 | 45.3 | 3.7 | 2.5 | 48.0 | 45.7 | * |
| Any Insurance | |||||||||
| Yes | 6.6 | 6.3 | 41.2 | 46.9 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 48.6 | 43.9 | *** |
| No | 8.5 | 9.9 | 34.6 | 40.2 | 6.4 | 5.3 | 50.5 | 44.6 | *** |
| Change in Health | |||||||||
| Better | 7.7 | 6.8 | 46.3 | 51.6 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 42.2 | 38.0 | *** |
| Worse | 22.5 | 22.6 | 43.5 | 45.9 | 8.4 | 6.3 | 25.6 | 25.3 | + |
| Same | 4.8 | 5.1 | 38.3 | 44.3 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 53.4 | 47.7 | *** |
| Functional Status | |||||||||
| Limited | 14.7 | 14.5 | 47.5 | 52.1 | 5.8 | 5.3 | 32.0 | 28.0 | *** |
| No limitation | 3.5 | 3.4 | 36.9 | 42.8 | 3.3 | 2.4 | 56.4 | 51.5 | *** |
| Smoking | |||||||||
| Never | 5.8 | 5.2 | 42.9 | 48.5 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 48.2 | 43.5 | *** |
| Past | 7.0 | 7.2 | 43.7 | 48.1 | 3.0 | 2.4 | 46.3 | 42.4 | ** |
| Current | 9.5 | 11.6 | 30.3 | 35.2 | 7.4 | 5.9 | 52.9 | 47.3 | *** |
| Alcohol Use | |||||||||
| Abstainer | 7.7 | 7.6 | 48.5 | 51.2 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 40.3 | 37.9 | |
| Former | 10.6 | 9.6 | 50.7 | 52.4 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 34.8 | 34.5 | |
| Current | 5.8 | 5.2 | 34.9 | 39.5 | 4.2 | 3.2 | 55.0 | 52.2 | *** |
| Exercise | |||||||||
| Daily | 5.8 | 5.6 | 37.8 | 42.9 | 4.1 | 3.1 | 52.3 | 48.3 | |
| Weekly | 3.8 | 3.6 | 39.3 | 44.8 | 3.2 | 2.4 | 53.8 | 49.1 | *** |
| Mon/year | 7.9 | 8.1 | 40.3 | 46.1 | 4.4 | 3.8 | 47.4 | 42.1 | *** |
| Unable to do | 21.3 | 19.1 | 52.6 | 54.3 | 4.8 | 3.0 | 21.3 | 23.6 | |
Note: Based on adults respondents aged 18 or older with no missing data on use of prayer and depression. Wt %: Weighted percentages. Asterisks represent significant group differences in prayer and depression by subject characteristics based on chi-square tests.
***
p < .001;
**
.001 ≤ p < .01;