Table 2.

Unadjusted Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for Trend (Year 2007) from Multinomial Logistic Regression on Depression and Prayer Use for NHIS 2002 and 2007

	Prayed Depressed			Prayed Not Depressed			Never Prayed Depressed
	OR	95% CI	Sig	OR	95% CI	Sig	OR	95% CI	Sig
Gender
Women	1.12	[1.00 , 1.26]	*	1.27	[1.18 , 1.37]	***	0.90	[0.76 , 1.06]
Men	1.18	[1.00 , 1.39]		1.32	[1.22 , 1.43]	***	0.96	[0.80 , 1.15]
Race/Ethnicity
White	1.13	[1.00 , 1.28]		1.26	[1.17 , 1.35]	***	0.92	[0.78 , 1.08]
African American	1.18	[0.95 , 1.45]		1.33	[1.15 , 1.53]	***	0.68	[0.45 , 1.02]
Latino	1.05	[0.83 , 1.31]		1.34	[1.17 , 1.54]	***	0.91	[0.66 , 1.25]
Other	0.97	[0.60 , 1.56]		1.22	[0.97 , 1.54]		1.21	[0.70 , 2.09]
Age
18-50 years	1.13	[0.98 , 1.29]		1.26	[1.17 , 1.35]	***	0.86	[0.73 , 1.01]
50-64	1.20	[1.00 , 1.43]	*	1.33	[1.19 , 1.48]	***	0.95	[0.71 , 1.28]
65 and older	1.01	[0.82 , 1.23]		1.28	[1.15 , 1.43]	***	1.25	[0.93 , 1.68]
Marital Status
Married	1.08	[0.94 , 1.24]		1.30	[1.20 , 1.40]	***	0.95	[0.78 , 1.15]
Other	1.18	[1.04 , 1.35]	*	1.29	[1.20 , 1.40]	***	0.87	[0.74 , 1.03]
Education
< HS	1.15	[0.96 , 1.37]		1.37	[1.20 , 1.56]	***	0.86	[0.67 , 1.10]
HS	1.24	[1.05 , 1.47]	*	1.34	[1.21 , 1.48]	***	1.01	[0.81 , 1.26]
Above HS	1.10	[0.96 , 1.27]		1.25	[1.17 , 1.35]	***	0.93	[0.76 , 1.14]
Poverty Status
Poor	1.22	[0.97 , 1.53]		1.24	[1.04 , 1.48]	*	0.91	[0.67 , 1.23]
Middle Income	1.07	[0.87 , 1.30]		1.26	[1.11 , 1.43]	***	0.88	[0.66 , 1.18]
High Income	1.08	[0.93 , 1.25]		1.33	[1.24 , 1.42]	***	0.95	[0.79 , 1.15]
Missing	1.03	[0.83 , 1.29]		1.17	[1.02 , 1.33]	*	0.75	[0.55 , 1.03]
Any Insurance
Yes	1.09	[0.98 , 1.22]		1.30	[1.22 , 1.38]	***	0.89	[0.77 , 1.04]
No	1.33	[1.09 , 1.64]	**	1.33	[1.17 , 1.52]	***	0.92	[0.73 , 1.16]
Change in Health
Better	0.97	[0.78 , 1.20]		1.24	[1.11 , 1.38]	***	1.04	[0.77 , 1.41]
Worse	1.02	[0.82 , 1.26]		1.08	[0.89 , 1.30]		0.74	[0.55 , 1.00]
Same	1.23	[1.08 , 1.41]	**	1.33	[1.25 , 1.42]	***	0.92	[0.78 , 1.07]
Functional Status
Limited	1.14	[1.00 , 1.30]		1.26	[1.15 , 1.39]	***	1.07	[0.89 , 1.29]
No limitation	1.09	[0.92 , 1.28]		1.31	[1.22 , 1.40]	***	0.79	[0.66 , 0.95]	*
Smoking
Never	1.04	[0.91 , 1.19]		1.30	[1.21 , 1.40]	***	1.03	[0.85 , 1.25]
Past	1.11	[0.92 , 1.35]		1.20	[1.08 , 1.34]	**	0.85	[0.63 , 1.14]
Current	1.38	[1.16 , 1.63]	***	1.31	[1.18 , 1.47]	***	0.90	[0.73 , 1.10]
Alcohol Use
Abstainer	1.06	[0.87 , 1.28]		1.15	[1.03 , 1.29]	*	1.01	[0.80 , 1.27]
Former	0.92	[0.77 , 1.10]		1.05	[0.94 , 1.17]		0.93	[0.72 , 1.21]
Current	0.96	[0.82 , 1.12]		1.21	[1.13 , 1.31]	***	0.80	[0.67 , 0.97]	*
Exercise
Daily	1.08	[0.69 , 1.70]		1.24	[1.01 , 1.52]	*	0.81	[0.50 , 1.31]
Weekly	1.06	[0.84 , 1.32]		1.26	[1.15 , 1.39]	***	0.84	[0.64 , 1.10]
Mon/year	1.18	[1.05 , 1.33]	**	1.33	[1.24 , 1.43]	***	0.98	[0.83 , 1.16]
Unable to do	0.84	[0.53 , 1.31]		0.93	[0.65 , 1.33]		0.58	[0.29 , 1.13]

Note: Based on adults respondents aged 18 or older with no missing data on use of prayer and depression. Asterisks represent significant group differences in prayer and depression for year 2007 compared to 2002 based on multinomial logistic regressions for each characteristic. The reference group for the dependent variable is “never prayed and not depressed.”

OR: Odds ratio.

^***p < .001;

^**.001 ≤ p < .01;

^*.01 ≤ p < .05