Table 3.
Adjusted odds ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals from Multinomial Logistic Regression On Prayer and Depression National Health Interview Survey, 2002 and 2007
| Prayed and Depressed | Prayed Not Depressed | Not Prayed and Depressed | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOR | 95% CI | Sig | AOR | 95% CI | Sig | AOR | 95% CI | Sig | |
| Year | |||||||||
| 2002 | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | |||
| 2007 | 1.03 | [0.93,1.14] | 1.19 | [1.11,1.27] | *** | 0.88 | [0.77,1.01] | ||
| Gender | |||||||||
| Women | 2.50 | [2.26,2.77] | *** | 1.82 | [1.73,1.93] | *** | 1.41 | [1.24,1.61] | *** |
| Men | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | |||
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||||
| White | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | |||
| African American | 2.99 | [2.61,3.44] | *** | 2.81 | [2.57,3.07] | *** | 1.08 | [0.89,1.32] | |
| Latino | 1.90 | [1.63,2.21] | *** | 1.49 | [1.37,1.63] | *** | 1.11 | [0.91,1.35] | |
| Other | 1.13 | [0.86,1.48] | 0.81 | [0.72,0.92] | *** | 1.10 | [0.82,1.49] | ||
| Age | |||||||||
| 18-50 years | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | |||
| 50-64 | 1.19 | [1.05,1.34] | ** | 1.39 | [1.31,1.48] | *** | 0.87 | [0.74,1.01] | |
| 65 and older | 0.85 | [0.74 ,0.97] | * | 1.73 | [1.60 , 1.87] | *** | 0.73 | [0.59 , 0.89] | ** |
| Marital Status | |||||||||
| Married | 0.87 | [0.77,0.97] | * | 1.29 | [1.22,1.36] | *** | 0.76 | [0.67,0.87] | *** |
| Other | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | |||
| Education | |||||||||
| LT HS | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | |||
| HS | 0.88 | [0.78,1.00] | 1.01 | [0.94,1.09] | 0.83 | [0.70,0.98] | * | ||
| Above HS | 0.66 | [0.58,0.74] | *** | 1.11 | [1.03,1.20] | ** | 0.63 | [0.53,0.76] | *** |
| Poverty Status | |||||||||
| Poor | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | |||
| Middle Income | 0.80 | [0.68,0.94] | ** | 1.02 | [0.92,1.14] | 0.78 | [0.63,0.96] | * | |
| High | 0.48 | [0.42,0.56] | *** | 0.84 | [0.76,0.93] | *** | 0.60 | [0.49,0.72] | *** |
| Missing | 0.57 | [0.49,0.66] | *** | 0.83 | [0.74,0.92] | *** | 0.56 | [0.45,0.70] | *** |
| Any Insurance | |||||||||
| Yes | 0.82 | [0.72,0.93] | ** | 1.04 | [0.96,1.12] | 0.74 | [0.63,0.87] | *** | |
| No | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | |||
| Change in Health | |||||||||
| Better | 1.67 | [1.46,1.91] | *** | 1.43 | [1.34,1.53] | *** | 1.36 | [1.15,1.62] | *** |
| Worse | 4.10 | [3.58,4.71] | *** | 1.61 | [1.45,1.78] | *** | 2.70 | [2.27,3.20] | *** |
| Same | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | |||
| Functional Status | |||||||||
| Limited | 4.92 | [4.43,5.46] | *** | 1.72 | [1.61,1.83] | *** | 2.94 | [2.55,3.40] | *** |
| None | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | |||
| Smoking | |||||||||
| Never | 0.66 | [0.58,0.75] | *** | 1.30 | [1.20,1.41] | *** | 0.61 | [0.52,0.71] | *** |
| Past | 0.83 | [0.72,0.96] | ** | 1.28 | [1.18,1.39] | *** | 0.56 | [0.46,0.68] | *** |
| Current | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | |||
| Alcohol Use | |||||||||
| Abstainer | 1.20 | [1.04,1.38] | * | 1.41 | [1.31,1.52] | *** | 1.05 | [0.88,1.26] | |
| Former | 1.58 | [1.39,1.79] | *** | 1.63 | [1.52,1.75] | *** | 1.18 | [1.01,1.39] | * |
| Current | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | |||
| Exercise | |||||||||
| Daily | 0.69 | [0.49,0.98] | * | 0.80 | [0.65,1.00] | * | 1.26 | [0.83,1.91] | |
| Weekly | 0.58 | [0.45,0.76] | *** | 0.85 | [0.70,1.04] | 1.10 | [0.76,1.60] | ||
| Mon/year | 0.72 | [0.57,0.91] | ** | 0.74 | [0.62,0.89] | ** | 1.27 | [0.89,1.82] | |
| Unable to do | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | |||
Note: Based on adults respondents aged 18 or older with no missing data on use of prayer and depression. Asterisks represent significant group differences in prayer and depression compared to the reference group. The reference group for the dependent variable is “never prayed and not depressed.” The regression also includes intercept terms (not presented).
OR: Odds ratio.
***
p < .001;
**
.001 ≤ p < .01;
*
.01 ≤ p < .05