Table 1.

New approach integrates novel molecular biomarkers with the pathologic features

Biomarker	Incidence	Prognostic value	Predictive value
B-RAF mutations	4%-15%	Poor prognosis[38,49,62,64,66,68,72,74,83]	Controversial data
K-RAS mutations	40%	Controversial data[36,65,68,72,86]	Major predictor of resistance to anti-EGFR mAbs[24,37,39,56,61]
Mut G13D	15%-20%		Weaker resistance[52]
N-RAS mutations	3%-5%		Predictor of resistance[59,69]
PI3KCA mutations	10%-20%	Conflicting results[28,30,61,65,70,71,73]	Controversial data[61,70,71,73]
PTEN status	20%-40%	Conflicting results[31,32,35,81,87]	Controversial data[31,70]