Table 2.

Helicobacter pylori detection in periodontal disease n (%)

Ref.	Sample	Diagnostic method	Patient profile	Helicobacter pylori detection rate
Asikainen et al[58]	SB-Pq (United States)	PCR (urease A)	Ptis	0/336 (0)
Riggio et al[59]	SB-Pq	PCR (16S rRNA)	Chronic Ptis	11/29 (38)
Avcu et al[60]	SB-Pq, SP-Pq	Camphylobacter- like organism test gels	Gastric H. pylori and B12 deficiency: (1) good oral hygiene; (2) fair oral hygiene; (3) poor oral hygiene	(1) 6/21 (28); (2) 46/51 (90); (3) 36/36 (100) post-H. pyloriET: (1) 58%; (2) 41%; (3) 5%
Dye et al[61]	BL	Ser (ELISA)	NHANES III; 1988-1991	Periodontal pocket ≥ 5 mm: 493 (41)
Gebara et al[62]	SB-Pq, SP-Pq, Tg, Sal	PCR (16S rRNA)	GDis, RUT pos (15 gingivitis, 15 chronic Ptis)	13/30 (43)
Gebara et al[63]	EGB, SB-Pq, SP-Pq, Tg, Sal	PCR (16S rRNA)	Post-H. pyloriET: GDis RUT pos (15 gingivitis, 15 Chronic Ptis)	Gastric eradication 90% H. pylori: 3/30 (10). Oral eradication: 40% H. pylori: 18/30 (60)
Anand et al[64]	PS	Oral Hygiene	65 pos Ser/RUT/Giemsa; 69 control	Ptss: 30/65 (46);
Al Asqah et al[8]	SB-Pq	RUT	H. pylori-IgG	PDss: 37/50 (60)
Eskandari et al[65]	SB-Pq, SP-Pq	PCR (16S rRNA)	Chronic Ptis (23/67 Gtis)	4/67 (6)
Agarwal et al[66]	SB-Pq	MCT, PCR (16S rRNA)	Chronic Ptis (30 GDss-pos; 20 GDss-neg)	18/30 (60); 3/20 (15)
Bouziane et al[67]	MAS		Gtis (post-H. pyloriET)	RR 63%; [0.37 (95%CI: 0.21-0.64), P = 0.0004]

BL: Blood; EGB: Endoscopic gastric biopsy; Gtis: Gastritis; GDss: Gastric disease; H. pyloriET: Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy; H. pylori-IgG: Presence of anti-H. pylori-IgG; MAS: Meta-analysis study; MCT: Microbial culture techniques; Neg: Negative; PDss: Negative periodontal disease; PS: Periodontal status; Ptis: Periodontitis; PCR: Polimerase chain reaction; Pos: Positive; RUT: Rapid urease test; Sal: Saliva; SB-Pq: Subgingival plaque; Ser: Serology; SP-Pq: Supragingival plaque; Tg: Tongue.