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. 2014 Aug 7;20(29):9952–9975. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i29.9952

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Four pages from Li Shi-Zhen’s Compendium of Materia Medica (Ben Cao Gang Mu) published in 1596 CE in the Ming Dynasty. A: Goat (top left), pig (top right), Procapra przewalskii (Przewalskii’s gazelle) (bottom left) and dog (bottom right); B: Crow (top left) and raven (bottom right); C: Python (top right) and black snake (bottom left); D: Common carp (top right). The biles of these animals were introduced into traditional Chinese medicine as important drugs to treat various diseases as discussed in the text.