Table 3.
Subdistribution hazard ratio of risk factors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in univariate and multivariate competing-risks regression with time-varying covariates
| Risk Factors | Univariate | Multivariate | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SHR | 95% Confidence Interval | Adjusted SHR | 95% Confidence Interval | |
| eGFR (every 5-ml/min per 1.73 m2 incremental increase) | 0.89 | 0.86 to 0.93 | 0.90 | 0.84 to 0.96 |
| Age (every 10-yr incremental increase) | 1.12 | 1.03 to 1.21 | 1.09 | 1.00 to 1.19 |
| Men | 1.04 | 0.85 to 1.29 | 1.29 | 0.85 to 1.63 |
| History of upper gastrointestinal bleeding | 2.67 | 2.00 to 3.56 | 1.94 | 1.36 to 2.83 |
| H. pylori | 2.56 | 1.65 to 3.97 | 1.63 | 0.93 to 2.90 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.41 | 1.14 to 1.73 | 1.30 | 1.03 to 1.63 |
| Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 1.03 | 0.65 to 1.65 | 1.52 | 0.65 to 3.61 |
| Aspirin | 1.03 | 0.75 to 1.42 | 1.08 | 0.77 to 1.54 |
| Warfarin | 1.66 | 0.91 to 3.03 | 1.59 | 0.79 to 3.19 |
| Hemoglobin (every 1-g/dl incremental increase) | 0.90 | 0.86 to 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.88 to 1.02 |
| BUN (every 10-mg/dl incremental increase) | 1.05 | 1.03 to 1.08 | 1.01 | 0.97 to 1.06 |
| Albumin (every 1-g/dl incremental increase) | 0.66 | 0.57 to 0.76 | 0.80 | 0.67 to 0.96 |
SHR, subdistribution hazard ratio.