Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of all men and stratified by quintiles of KIM-1/creatinine
| Variable | All | Q1–Q4 | Q5 | P Value (Q1–Q4 versus Q5) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants (n) | 590 | 472 | 118 | |
| Age (yr) | 77.5±0.8 | 77.5±0.8 | 77.5±0.7 | 0.72 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.3±4.5 | 26.2±3.4 | 26.7±3.8 | 0.15 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 150±21 | 150±20 | 153±24 | 0.20 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 97.3±18 | 97.3±18 | 95.5±20 | 0.17 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 23.4±5.4 | 23.4±5.4 | 23.4±5.4 | 0.10 |
| eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) | 74±17 | 75±16 | 69±20 | |
| Albumin/creatinine ratio (g/mol) | 0.7 (0.3–2.0) | 0.6 (0.3–1.6) | 1.6 (0.7–1.5) | <0.001 |
| KIM-1/creatinine ratio (ng/mmol) | 98 (55–152) | 78 (49–115) | 228 (199–301) | <0.001 |
| eGFR (<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2) | 124 (21) | 82 (17) | 42 (36) | <0.001 |
| Microalbuminuria/macroalbuminuria (>3 g/mol) | 110 (19) | 67 (14) | 43 (36) | <0.001 |
| Current smoking | 42 (7) | 28 (6) | 14 (12) | 0.03 |
| Diabetes | 78 (13) | 54 (11) | 24 (20) | 0.01 |
| Antihypertensive medication | 281 (48) | 215 (46) | 66 (66) | 0.04 |
| Lipid-lowering medication | 110 (19) | 80 (17) | 30 (25) | 0.03 |
| NSAID | 32 (5) | 22 (5) | 10 (9) | 0.10 |
| Low-dose aspirin | 166 (28) | 122 (26) | 44 (37) | 0.01 |
| History of cardiovascular disease | 153 (26) | 116 (25) | 37 (31) | 0.13 |
| History of ischemic heart disease | 109 (18) | 79 (17) | 30 (25) | 0.03 |
| History of stroke | 54 (9) | 43 (9) | 11 (9) | 0.94 |
| History of heart failure | 25 (4) | 18 (4) | 7 (6) | 0.31 |
Data are presented as the mean±SD for continuous variables, median (25th to 75th percentiles), and n (%) for categorical variables. History of cardiovascular disease was defined as a history of hospitalization for ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, or heart failure before baseline. BMI, body mass index; KIM-1, kidney injury molecule-1; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; Q, quintile.