Table 3.
The association between urinary KIM-1/creatinine and cardiovascular mortality, adjusted for established cardiovascular risk factors, eGFR, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, and serum and urinary NGAL
| Variable | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|
| KIM-1/creatinine (ng/mmol) | 1.27 (1.05 to 1.54) | 0.01 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.88 (0.70 to 1.11) | 0.28 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 0.96 (0.77 to 1.19) | 0.71 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 0.90 (0.72 to 1.13) | 0.37 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.20 (0.93 to 1.54) | 0.16 |
| eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) | 0.98 (0.97 to 0.99) | 0.01 |
| Albumin/creatinine ratio (g/mol) | 1.16 (1.01 to 1.32) | 0.03 |
| Current smoking | 0.75 (0.35 to 1.63) | 0.46 |
| Diabetes | 2.15 (1.24 to 3.73) | 0.01 |
| Antihypertensive medication | 1.47 (0.88 to 2.46) | 0.14 |
| Lipid-lowering medication | 0.80 (0.45 to 1.41) | 0.43 |
| Low-dose aspirin | 1.06 (0.64 to 1.75) | 0.82 |
| History of cardiovascular disease | 2.06 (1.23 to 3.46) | 0.01 |
| Serum NGAL (µg/L) | 1.02 (0.83 to 1.25) | 0.88 |
| Urinary NGAL/creatinine (µg/mmol) | 0.97 (0.79 to 1.18) | 0.74 |
Data are multivariable hazard ratios when all variables were simultaneously included in the model. Hazard ratios for continuous variables are expressed per SD increase. BMI, body mass index; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin.