Table 2.
Biomaterials in Pluripotent Stem Cell Expansion
| Biomaterials | Cell types | 2D/3D | Feeder layer | Conditioned medium | Undifferentiated cells can be maintained | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Natural | Matrigel, vitronectin | Human ESCs and human iPSCs | 2D | No | No | 25 passages | 77 |
| Matrigel, a combination of collagen IV, fibronectin, laminin, and vitronectin | Human ESCs | 2D | No | No | 20 passages | 57 | |
| Matrigel | Human ESCs | 2D | No | No | 9 and 22 passages | 78 | |
| Matrigel, Collagen IV | Human ESCs | 2D | No | Yes | 130 population doublings | 76 | |
| Collagen I | Human ESCs | 2D | No | Yes | 7 passages | 80 | |
| Laminin-111, -332 and -511 | Human ESCs | 2D | No | Yes | 10 passages | 82 | |
| Laminin-511 | Murine ESCs | 2D | No | No | 31 passages | 84 | |
| Human ESCs and iPSCs | 2D | No | No | 20 passages | 85 | ||
| Vitronectin | Human ESCs | 2D | No | No | 7 passages | 87 | |
| Human iPSCs | 2D | No | No | 10 passages | 90 | ||
| Calcium alginate hydrogels | Human ESCs | 3D | No | No | 260 days without passaging in the undifferentiated stage | 112 | |
| Synthetic | PAS | Human ESCs | 2D | No | No | 10 passages | 93 |
| Heparin-binding peptides | Human ESCs | 2D | No | No | 17 passages | 94 | |
| APMAAm | Human ESCs | 2D | No | No | 20 passages | 97 | |
| PMEDSAH | Human ESCs | 2D | No | No | 10 passages | 98 | |
| sIPN | Human ESCs | 3D | No | Yes | 5 days | 104 | |
| HA | Human ESCs | 3D | No | Yes | 20 days | 107 | |
2D, two dimensional; 3D, three dimensional; PAS, peptide-acrylate surfaces; APMAAm, aminopropylmethacrylamide; PMEDSAH, poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide]; sIPN, semi-interpenetrating polymer network; HA, hyaluronic acid.