Table 1.
Hepatic Lipid Peroxidation, Protein Oxidation, and Antioxidative Defense Markers in Human Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
| Marker | NAFL | NASH | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lipid peroxidation | |||
| MDA | NS | + | (4) |
| MDA | + | + | (120) |
| 4-HNE | + | + + | (186) |
| 4-HNE-protein adducts | ND | + | (187) |
| Protein oxidation | |||
| Protein carbonyls | + | NS | (209) |
| 3-Nitrotyrosine | + | + + | (182) |
| 3-Nitrotyrosine | NS | + + | (57) |
| Antioxidants | |||
| GSH | − | − | (209) |
| GSH | − | − | (120) |
| Mitochondrial GSH | ND | − | (187) |
| SOD activity | − | − | (209) |
| Catalase activity | NS | − − | (209) |
| Glutathione peroxidase activity | NS | NS | (209) |
| Total antioxidative capacity measured as μmol uric acid equivalent | − − | − − | (4) |
| Ferritin | + | + | (120) |
NS indicates no significant difference versus control, + indicates a significant increase versus control, + + indicates a significant increase versus control and NAFL, − indicates a significant decrease versus control, and − − indicates a significant decrease versus control and NAFL. ND indicates that no data were obtained in the respective study.
4-HNE, 4-hydroxynonenal; GSH, reduced glutathione; MDA, malondialdehyde; NAFL, non-alcoholic fatty liver; NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; SOD, superoxide dismutase.