Table 2.
Effect of black coffee (BC) and green coffee (GC) on physiological markers, total polyphenols, and antioxidant capacity (FRAP) in 24-hour urine samples (mean ± SEM).
| Study population | Baseline | BC | Baseline versus BC (95% CI) | GC | Baseline versus GC (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SBP (mmHg) | 116.9 ± 2.4 | 114.5 ± 2.5 | −0.81 to 5.27 | 113.5 ± 3.11 | 1.2 to 5.5 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 74.0 ± 1.7 | 71.2 ± 1.72 | 0.77 to 5.20 | 71.2 ± 2.23 | 1.4 to 4.8 |
| PWV (m/sec) | 6.63 ± 0.20 | 6.40 ± 0.20 | −0.04 to 0.44 | 6.29 ± 0.304 | 0.2 to 0.5 |
| Total polyphenols (mgGAE/day) | 523 ± 33 | 597 ± 44 | −175 to 27 | 547.78 ± 36.4 | −156 to 106 |
| FRAP (mMFeII/day) | 7.22 ± 3.38 | 8.85 ± 4.53 | −3.5 to 0.4 | 7.21 ± 3.33 | −1.7 to 2.5 |
| Energy intake (kcal) | 1807 ± 29 | 1903 ± 31 | −328 to 164 | 1853 ± 29 | −245 to 113 |
| Sodium intake (mg) | 2571 ± 277 | 2609 ± 291 | −429 to 675 | 2490 ± 277 | −268 to 719 |
| Potassium intake (mg) | 2681 ± 190 | 3310 ± 238 | −869 to −1182 | 3161 ± 276 | −933 to 233 |
BC: black coffee; GC: green coffee; SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure; PWV: pulse wave velocity; CI: 95% confidence interval; significance expressed as P ≤ 0.05; 2-tail paired t-test; 1baseline versus GC, P = 0.02; 2baseline versus BC, P = 0.01; 3baseline versus GC, P = 0.001; 4baseline versus GC, P = 0.001.