Table 4.
Multivariate analysis model estimates for percent breast density (%-G), fibroglandular tissue volume (GV), fat tissue volume (FV), and total breast volume (TV) measured by five different methods (n = 137).
| Explanatory variable | Standardized β-estimates (SE) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| %-G | GV | FV | TV | |
| BMI | −0.59 (0.09)∗∗∗ | −0.10 (0.11) | 0.65 (0.07)∗∗∗ | 0.52 (0.08)∗∗∗ |
| Age | −0.09 (0.07) | −0.13 (0.08) | −0.09 (0.05) | −0.12 (0.06)∗ |
| Age at menarche | 0.13 (0.07) | 0.13 (0.08) | −0.05 (0.05) | 0.01 (0.06) |
| Pregnancy, completed | ||||
| Zero | Reference | |||
| One | 0.22 (0.26) | −0.29 (0.32) | −0.28 (0.21) | −0.34 (0.23) |
| Two | −0.52 (0.21)∗ | −0.81 (0.27)∗∗ | −0.08 (0.17) | −0.34 (0.19) |
| Three and more | −0.52 (0.22)∗ | −0.99 (0.28)∗∗∗ | −0.18 (0.18) | −0.49 (0.20)∗∗ |
| Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) | −0.06 (0.08) | 0.06 (0.10) | 0.12 (0.06)∗ | 0.12 (0.07) |
| Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) | −0.22 (0.10)∗ | −0.16 (0.12) | 0.07 (0.08) | 0.01 (0.09) |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) | 0.32 (0.10)∗∗∗ | 0.24 (0.12)∗ | −0.15 (0.08) | −0.04 (0.09) |
| Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) | −0.03 (0.07) | −0.10 (0.09) | −0.04 (0.06) | −0.07 (0.06) |
| Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) | −0.10 (0.07) | 0.03 (0.09) | 0.16 (0.06)∗∗ | 0.15 (0.06)∗ |
| Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) | 0.07 (0.07) | −0.09 (0.09) | −0.05 (0.06) | −0.07 (0.06) |
| C-reactive protein (CRP) | 0.13 (0.09) | 0.23 (0.11)∗ | 0.05 (0.07) | 0.13 (0.08) |
| 17β-Estradiol | −0.09 (0.07) | 0.01 (0.09) | 0.02 (0.06) | 0.02 (0.06) |
| Progesterone | 0.13 (0.07)∗ | 0.20 (0.08)∗ | −0.02 (0.05) | 0.05 (0.06) |
| Measurement methods# | ||||
| Histogram segmentation method (HSM) | Reference | |||
| Full field digital mammography (FFDM) | −0.02 (0.27) | −0.12 (0.33) | −0.10 (0.21) | 0 (0.23) |
| Mathematical algorithm (MATH) | 0.10 (0.27) | 0.01 (0.33) | −0.01 (0.21) | 0 (0.23) |
| 3D gradient-echo MRI (3DGRE) | −0.04 (0.27) | −0.13 (0.34) | −0.01 (0.21) | −0.10 (0.24) |
| Short tau inversion recovery MRI (STIR) | −0.10 (0.27) | −0.14 (0.33) | −0.003 (0.21) | −0.09 (0.23) |
| Race and ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | Reference | |||
| Hispanic | 0.30 (0.16) | 0.32 (0.20) | −0.11 (0.13) | 0.02 (0.14) |
| African-American | 0.40 (0.20)∗ | 0.34 (0.25) | −0.07 (0.16) | 0.06 (0.18) |
| Model R 2 | 0.54 | 0.29 | 0.71 | 0.65 |
***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, and *P < 0.05 for predictor strength within a regression model.
#All P values >0.05 for interaction terms between predictor variables and measurement methods (results not shown).