Table 1.

Urinary netrin-1 levels in MB patients

Low Risk, Chang M (0)	High Risk, Chang M (1–4)
2 (6F)	4.5 (11F)
0.1 (7F)	4 (6F)
2.4 (10M)	18.8 (7M)
4.5 (12M)	5.2 (14M)
1.3 (8M)	6.2 (1F)
0.5 (11F)	12 (9F)
0.5 (6F)	7.2 (18M)

The phenotype of the invasive tumor was defined as the presence of either a high-risk patient (age <3 years, subtotal resection with >1.5 cm residual tumor, M+ with leptomeningeal seeding or location outside of posterior fossa) or an M+ positive patient as defined by a Modified Chang Staging (M1–M4, but not M0). In our series, all patients were high-risk (including 3 of 7 with residual >1.5 cm, indicative of invasive disease) and all had metastasis (>M0). Values represent the netrin-1 level (pg/µg) and age (in years) and sex in the parentheses average of age in low risk: 8.6 years, 5F; in high risk: 9.1 years, 4F).