Table 2.
Estimation results for the conventional multilevel model and the spatially filtered multilevel model
| Variables | Null model | Level-1 multilevel model | Level-2 multilevel model | Spatially filtered multilevel model |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Individual-level variables
|
|
|||
| Sex (male:0; female:1) |
- |
– 49.88*** |
– 49.65*** |
– 49.69*** |
| Monthly household income |
– |
0.10*** |
0.10*** |
0.09*** |
| Employment status (employed:0; unemployed:1) |
– |
–134.10*** |
–134.90*** |
–135.30*** |
| Perceived levels of stress (high:0; low:1) |
– |
154.60*** |
155.60*** |
155.70*** |
|
Neighborhood–level variables
|
|
|
|
|
| Korean Deprivation Index (KDI) |
– |
– |
–23.82* |
–15.51* |
| The number of doctors per 1000 people |
– |
– |
4.85* |
2.60* |
| Degree of the Local Governments’ Financial Independence
(LGFI) |
– |
– |
0.98 |
0.16 |
|
Random effects
|
|
|
|
|
| Variance at individual–level |
66725 |
52226 |
52225 |
56013 |
| Between monthly household income variance |
– |
0.0039 |
0.0036 |
0.0011 |
| Variance at neighborhood–level |
1591 |
1102 |
1062 |
555 |
| Constant |
785.31*** |
761.40*** |
747.00*** |
770.70*** |
| Eigenvector selection |
– |
– |
– |
8 eigenvectors |
| Moran’s I of neighborhood–level residuals |
– |
– |
0.101* |
0.005 |
| AIC |
861942 |
830665 |
830650 |
830549 |
| Log–likelihood | – 447328 | – 415324 | – 415314 | – 415254 |
***p < =0.001 *p < =0.05.