Table 1. Characteristics of the Study Population in Xuanwei and Fuyuan.
phase
I |
phase
II |
all | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Xuanwei | Fuyuan | Xuanwei | Fuyuan | ||
subjects, n | 74 | 74 | 31 | 37 | 163a |
villages, n | 15 | 15 | 8 | 8 | 30 |
age (in 2009), mean ± SD | 54.0 ± 14.9 | 56.7 ± 13.7 | 62.0 ± 11.3 | 58.9 ± 12.2 | 56.0 ± 14.4 |
stove type, n(%) | |||||
vented stove | 34(45.9) | 19(25.7) | 12(38.7) | 10(27.0) | 75(34.7) |
high stove with chimney | 13(17.6) | 5(6.8) | 6(19.4) | 1(2.7) | 25(11.6) |
low stove with chimney | 8(10.8) | 11(14.9) | 2(6.5) | 6(16.2) | 27(12.5) |
multiple stoves with chimneys | 13(17.6) | 3(4.1) | 4(12.9) | 3(8.1) | 23(10.6) |
unvented stove | 4(5.4) | 12(16.2) | 0(0.0) | 11(29.7) | 27(12.5) |
high stove without chimney | 0(0.0) | 6(8.1) | 0(0.0) | 2(5.4) | 8(3.7) |
low stove without chimney | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 1(2.7) | 1(0.5) |
multiple stoves without any chimney | 4(5.4) | 6(8.1) | 0(0.0) | 8(21.6) | 18(8.3) |
portable stove | 2(2.7) | 19(25.7) | 1(3.2) | 8(21.6) | 30(13.9) |
firepit | 3(4.1) | 7(9.5) | 3(9.7) | 3(8.1) | 16(7.4) |
mixed ventilation stovesb | 30(40.5) | 13(17.6) | 13(41.9) | 5(13.5) | 61(28.2) |
unknown ventilation stove | 1(1.4) | 4(5.4) | 2(6.5) | 0(0.0) | 7(3.2) |
solid fuel type, n(%) | |||||
smoky coal | 42(56.8) | 32(43.2) | 19(61.3) | 6(16.2) | 99(45.8) |
smokeless coal | 0(0.0) | 13(17.6) | 1(3.2) | 5(13.5) | 19(8.8) |
“mixed” coalc | 9(12.2) | 5(6.8) | 1(3.2) | 4(10.8) | 19(8.8) |
wood | 3(4.1) | 1(1.4) | 2(6.5) | 6(16.2) | 11(5.1) |
plant materialsd | 4(5.4) | 3(4.1) | 1(3.2) | 0(0.0) | 9(4.2) |
“mixed” fuele | 16(21.6) | 18(24.3) | 6(19.4) | 16(43.2) | 56(25.9) |
unknown | 0(0.0) | 2(2.7) | 1(3.2) | 0(0.0) | 3(1.4) |
median length of stove operation, hours per day | 4 | 3.3 | 8 | 13 | 5.1 |
There were 216 visits to the households in total: of the 148 subjects visited in phase I, 53 were revisited the second time, and 15 new subjects were enrolled in phase II.
Refers to the use of vented stove and unvented stove/portable stove simultaneously.
Refers to the use of combinations of smoky and smokeless coal and also to the use of prepared coal briquettes.
Plant materials include combinations of wood, tobacco stem and corncob.
Refers to combinations of wood, plant materials and coal.