Microglia was activated via TLR9-ERK1/2 pathway in primary microglia cells. (A) Representative image of isolated primary microglia cells stained by IBA-1 antibody, bar: 100 μm. (B) Western blotting analysis shows the protein expression of ERK1/2, TLR9 and IBA-1 in primary microglia cells after 3 days of co-culture with or without neural stem cells (NSCs), or with NSCs in the presence of CQ, U0126. (C) Western blotting analysis shows the protein expression of ERK1/2, TLR9 and IBA-1 in primary microglia cells after 24 hrs treated with non-CpG, CpG, CpG+CQ, CpG+U0126. (D) Data show the protein level of TLR9, phosphorylated ERK1 and IBA-1 in primary microglia cells co-cultured with or without NSCs, or with NSCs in the presence of CQ, U0126. (E) Data show the protein level of TLR9, phosphorylated ERK1 and IBA-1 in primary microglia cells treated with non-CpG, CpG, CpG+CQ, CpG+U0126. Data are expressed as means ± SD from at least three independent experiments.