Table 1. Clinical characteristic of the enrolled patients, shown in different groups.
| Characteristics | Groups |
P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | NDR | NPDR | PDR | ||
| Gender (male/female) |
12/7 |
9/10 |
6/13 |
8/13 |
0.232 |
| Age (years) |
62.9±5.0 |
64.1±4.0 |
60.6±5.7 |
60.8±5.5 |
0.093 |
| BMI (kg/m2) |
21.9±1.6 |
23.0±2.5 |
23.2±2.8 |
24.0±2.4 |
0.058 |
| Duration (years) |
N.A. |
9.0±6.5 |
11.3±6.5 |
12.3±6.5 |
0.266 |
| HbA1c (%) | N.A. | 7.0±1.6 | 7.5±1.6 | 7.8±2.0 | 0.434 |
N.A.=Not available. The mean ± standard deviation (SD), age, male to female ratio, and BMI in the control, NDR, NPDR, and PDR groups were not significantly different among the groups (p=0.093, 0.232, and 0.058, respectively). In the diabetic group, the mean±SD duration and HbA1c level were also not significantly different among the NDR, NPDR, and PDR groups (p=0.266 and 0.434, respectively).