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. 2014 Jul 25;14:753. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-753

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© Roche et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014

This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Examples of the evolution of a pathogen’s niche in space and time and how it can be manipulated for control. (Left ) Illustration of fluctuations in the number of susceptible and infectious individuals with time and an example of optimized pathogen control combining pulsed vaccination of susceptible hosts and timely treatment of infectious ones. (Right) The host geographic structure can be used and manipulated to stop a pathogen spill-over by restricting opportunities for migration between transmission hotspots where resources (i.e., susceptible hosts) are plentiful.