Table 1.

Baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, and comorbidity of 42 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

	Survivors (N = 22)	Nonsurvivors (N = 20)	P value
Age, years, mean (SD)	63.9 (17.3)	72.5 (10.8)	0.064
Male sex, n (%)	13 (59)	14 (70)	0.531
APACHE II score, median (IQR)	21 (18–24)	24 (22–30)	0.03
PaO2/FIO2 ratio, median (IQR)	131 (100–150.5)	89.5 (64–111)	0.000
Etiology of ARDS, n (%)
Pulmonary infection	18 (81.8)	17 (85)
Bacterial pneumonia	14 (63.6)	15 (75)
Virus pneumonia	2 (9)	2 (10)
Active tuberculosis	2 (9)	0 (0)
Aspiration	0	1 (5)
Blood transfusion	2 (9)	0 (0)
Others	2 (9)	2 (10)
Abdominal infection	1 (4.5)	2 (10)
Mediastinal abscess	1 (4.5)	0 (0)
Comorbidity, n (%)
Obstructive airway disease	6 (27.2)	7 (35)	0.741
Hypertension	10 (45.4)	14 (70)	0.131
Cardiovascular disease	8 (36.3)	13 (65)	0.121
Cerebrovascular accident	1 (4.5)	2 (10)	0.598
Diabetes	10 (45.4)	11 (55)	0.758
Duration of Mechanical ventilation, mean (SD)	12 (4.5)	15 (10.5)	0.216
Length of Intensive Care Unit stay, mean (SD)	16 (6.5)	16 (12)	0.846
Length of hospital stay	28.0 (8.0)	17.5 (12.0)	0.002
MODS
MODS = 2 organs, n (%)	6 (27.2)	5 (25)	1.0
MODS = 3 organs, n (%)	1 (4.5)	7 (35)	0.018
MODS ≥ 4 organs, n (%)	2 (9)	4 (20)	0.4
Shock	3 (13.6)	11 (55)	0.008
Shock (<7 days)	3 (13.6)	7 (35)	0.152
Renal failure	3 (13.6)	10 (50)	0.114
Renal failure (<7 days)	1 (4.5)	5 (25)	0.087
Coagulopathy	2 (9)	7 (35)	0.062
Coagulopathy (<7 days)	0 (0)	6 (30)	0.007
Hepatic dysfunction	6 (27.2)	6 (30)	1.0
Hepatic dysfunction (<7 days)	0 (0)	6 (30)	0.007

APACHE = acute physiology and chronic health evaluation;

ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome; MODS = multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome.

*P values for age by the t-test and those for APACHE II scores and PaO2/FIO2 by the Mann-Whitney U test. Fisher exact tests were applied for categorical variables.