Table 1.
Sample description and bivariate associations with parenting dimensions (N = 1362)
| Categorical explanatory variables | % of total sample | Responsiveness | Demandingness | Neglecting | Intrusive | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean value | P-valuea | Mean value | P-value | Mean value | P-value | Mean value | P-value | ||
| Boys | 47.9 | 4.40 | 4.12 | 1.47 | 2.64 | ||||
| Girls | 52.1 | 4.40 | 0.922 | 4.25 | 0.001 | 1.52 | 0.214 | 2.45 | 0.002 |
| Age 12–15 in 2009 | 59.3 | 4.43 | 4.35 | 1.52 | 2.71 | ||||
| Age 16–18 in 2009 | 40.7 | 4.36 | 0.007 | 3.95 | <0.001 | 1.46 | 0.093 | 2.29 | <0.001 |
| Native origin | 85.3 | 4.41 | 4.18 | 1.48 | 2.45 | ||||
| Non-Western origin | 14.7 | 4.33 | 0.046 | 4.25 | 0.207 | 1.59 | 0.036 | 3.08 | <0.001 |
| Intact family in 2009 | 62.1 | 4.44 | 4.28 | 1.45 | 2.60 | ||||
| Stepfamily | 12.2 | 4.35 | 4.12 | 1.50 | 2.40 | ||||
| Oneparent family | 25.6 | 4.34 | 0.003 | 4.08 | <0.001 | 1.55 | 0.044 | 2.47 | 0.061 |
| At least one parent employed | 88.7 | 4.42 | 4.21 | 1.47 | 2.52 | ||||
| No employment | 11.3 | 4.35 | 0.131 | 4.22 | 0.828 | 1.61 | 0.011 | 2.72 | 0.050 |
| Selfrated health interviewed parent | |||||||||
| Very good | 29.6 | 4.46 | 4.26 | 1.45 | 2.53 | ||||
| Good | 43.0 | 4.40 | 4.14 | 1.52 | 2.46 | ||||
| Fair/poor | 27.4 | 4.35 | 0.019 | 4.18 | 0.036 | 1.51 | 0.202 | 2.69 | 0.008 |
| Parental education (average years) | |||||||||
| <11 years | 27.5 | 4.39 | 4.21 | 1.59 | 2.80 | ||||
| 11 to 15 years | 44.6 | 4.38 | 4.15 | 1.51 | 2.52 | ||||
| 15 years and more | 28.0 | 4.44 | 0.174 | 4.22 | 0.247 | 1.39 | <0.001 | 2.33 | <0.001 |
| Average family income 2007/2008 | |||||||||
| <150,000 Norwegian Kroner NOK | 12.8 | 4.41 | 4.15 | 1.58 | 2.68 | ||||
| 150–250,000 NOK | 49.2 | 4.38 | 4.21 | 1.53 | 2.60 | ||||
| 250–350,000 NOK | 26.1 | 4.42 | 4.17 | 1.43 | 2.43 | ||||
| 350,000 NOK + | 11.8 | 4.44 | 0.522 | 4.16 | 0.614 | 1.42 | 0.019 | 2.44 | 0.029 |
| Average financial assets 2007/2008 | |||||||||
| <40,000 Norwegian Kroner NOK | 44.3 | 4.37 | 4.17 | 1.57 | 2.69 | ||||
| 40–150,000 NOK | 31.3 | 4.38 | 4.20 | 1.47 | 2.41 | ||||
| 150–350,000 NOK | 13.7 | 4.43 | 4.19 | 1.41 | 2.52 | ||||
| 350,000 NOK + | 10.7 | 4.54 | 0.004 | 4.22 | 0.851 | 1.37 | 0.002 | 2.39 | 0.001 |
| Average Total family economy | |||||||||
| <170,000 Norwegian Kroner NOK | 11.7 | 4.35 | 4.10 | 1.62 | 2.72 | ||||
| 170–300,000 NOK | 41.3 | 4.39 | 4.25 | 1.54 | 2.65 | ||||
| 300–450,000 NOK | 23.7 | 4.38 | 4.12 | 1.47 | 2.43 | ||||
| 450–750,000 NOK + | 14.5 | 4.44 | 4.21 | 1.39 | 2.44 | ||||
| 750,000 NOK + | 8.8 | 4.52 | 0.051 | 4.19 | 0.077 | 1.39 | 0.002 | 2.34 | 0.002 |
Total number of respondents in 2009; due to missing values the bivariate analyses are based on 1286–1308 respondents
a P-values from ANOVA F-tests