Table 2.
Depression scores at wave II by health behaviors, perceived health, physical health, and functional disabilities characteristics: Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis (N=1524)
| Depression –EURO-D | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Measurements | No (N=1098) | Yes (N=426) | test | |
| Change in health behaviors between Wave I and Wave II | Change in physical activity n (%) | remained inactive | 40 (35.1)* | 74 (64.9)* | χ2=165.0*** |
| stopped activity | 99 (51.8)* | 92 (48.2)* | |||
| commenced activity | 88 (62.4)* | 53 (37.6)* | |||
| remained active | 864 (81.0)* | 203 (19.0)* | |||
| Change in smoking pattern n (%) | remained smoking | 129 (73.3) | 47 (26.7) | χ2=1.10 | |
| began smoking | 16 (69.6) | 7 (30.4) | |||
| stopped smoking | 49 (74.2) | 17 (25.8) | |||
| remained non smoking | 277 (76.5) | 85 (23.5) | |||
| Change in weight n (%) | loss 0 - 4.5 k”g | 404 (74.3)* | 140 (25.7)* | χ2=32.42*** | |
| loss > 4.5 k”g | 190 (63.8)* | 108 (36.2)* | |||
| gain ≤ 4.5 k”g | 246 (80.1)* | 61 (19.9)* | |||
| gain > 4.5 k”g | 174 (62.6)* | 104 (37.4)* | |||
| Subjective and physical health | Self-perceived health-Wave II n (%) | excellent/ very good/ good | 732 (83.6)* | 144 (16.4)* | χ2=135.6*** |
| fair/ poor | 366 (56.6)* | 282 (43.5)* | |||
| Chronic disease-Wave II n (%) | less than 2 diseases | 551 (86.2)* | 88 (13.8)* | χ2=111.1*** | |
| 2+ chronic diseases | 539 (61.6)* | 336 (38.4)* | |||
| Long-term illness-Wave II n (%) | no | 560 (85.2)* | 97 (14.8)* | χ2=100.3*** | |
| yes | 536 (62.0)* | 329 (38.0)* | |||
| Weight-Wave 1 mean (SD) | 74.5 (14.0) | 75.1 (14.1 | t=-0.76 | ||
| Functional disability (Wave II) | ADL limitations n (%) | no limitations | 1061 (77.6)* | 307 (22.4)* | χ2=209.8*** |
| yes (1+ limitations) | 32 (21.5)* | 117 (78.5)* | |||
| IADL limitations n (%) | no limitations | 845 (84.1)* | 160 (15.9)* | χ2=213.9*** | |
| yes (1+ limitations) | 248 (48.4)* | 264 (51.6)* | |||
***
p< .001.
*
Standardized adjusted residuals: < -2.0 or > 2.0.