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. 2014 Aug 7;5:275. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00275

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Copyright © 2014 Koivumäki, Clark, Belke, Kondo, Fedak, Maleckar and Giles.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Illustration of “electrotonic” responses in an in silico human atrial myofibroblast produced by 16 ms constant current stimuli that progressively depolarize or hyperpolarize the myofibroblast model. The stimulus protocol is shown in panel (A). The superimposed responses in (B,C) were obtained using a modified (see Methods) MacCannell et al. (2007) model of an atrial myofibroblast with no Na⁺ current added. The families of responses in (D,E) were obtained when this model also included equations for the Na⁺ current in this paper; or the Na⁺ current in the Chatelier et al. paper (2012) (F,G). Note when Na⁺ current is included, most of the depolarizing stimuli produce a biphasic response. This may suggest a contribution of Na⁺ current activation to the stimulus-induced depolarization (see Discussion).