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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Aug 7.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2007 Aug 14;59(13):1329–1339. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.08.007

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Cells exert force on the underlying substrate. (Top) A 3T3 fibroblast on a silicone rubber substrate deforms the film, causing wrinkles. Scale bar is 10 μm. (Bottom) Group of chick heart fibroblasts forming a more complex wrinkle pattern showing that strain transmission through the substrate propagates to neighboring cells. Scale bar is 100 μm. (Reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: Nature (Harris, A.K., D. Stopak, and P. Wild, Fibroblast Traction as a Mechanism for Collagen Morphogenesis. Nature, 1981 290(5803): p. 249–251.), copyright (1981)).

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