Fig. 1.
Current decision-making for patients with Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) based on the National Comprehensive Cancer Center Network (NCCN) management guidelines (adapted from reference [39]). IPSS: International Prognostic Scoring System; INT-1: Intermediate-1; INT-2: Intermediate 2; alloSCT: Allogeneic stem cell transplantation; EPO: Erythropoietin; G-CSF: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; ESAs: Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents; RBC: Red blood cells; BM: Bone marrow, PNH: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria; IST: Immunosuppressive therapy.