Table IV.

Factors related to mortality following vertebral fracture (relative risk ratio (95% CI)).

Study:	Kado 1999 (18)	Kado 2003 (19)	Jalava 2003 (16)	Bouza 2007 (11)	Trone 2007 (22)
Sociodemographic and fall risk factors
Men			3.0 (1.0–8.8)	1.5 (1.2–2.0)	1.8 (1.3–2.5)
Age	1.6 (1.5–1.6)	1.6 (1.5–1.7)		a2.0 (1.3–2.8)	1.6 (1.5–1.7)
Vertebral fracture	1.2 (1–1.3)	I: 1.1 (0.9–1.3)	2.4 (0.9–6.2)		1.1 (0.8, 1.4)
		P: 1.2 (1.0–1.3)
Body mass index	0.9 (0.9–1)
Total body fat					0.8 (0.8–0.9)
% Weight change		0.8 (0.8–0.9)
Current smoking	2.0 (1.8–2.3)	1.3 (1.2–1.4)			1.6 (1.1–2.3)
Comorbidities
Diabetes mellitus	1.8 (1.8–2.1)	1.9 (1.6–2.3)
Hypertension	1.4 (1.2–1.5)
Health status	1.6 (1.5–1.9)	0.7 (0.6–0.8)
Serum ESR			1.0 (1.0–1.1)
Alcohol			0.6 (0.3–1.2)		1.0 (0.9–1.0)
Pulse > 80/min		1.3 (1.1–1.5)
Charlson Index 0
1–2				2.1 (1.5–3.0)
3–4				5.0 (3.0–8.1)
>4				8.5 (5.1–14.1)
Physical Function
Physical activity	0.9 (0.8–0.9)	1.0 (0.9–1.0)			0.6 (0.5–0.8)
Inability to rise from chair		1.5 (1.3–1.7)
Difficulty standing on feet for 2 hours		1.1 (1.0–1.2)

95% CI: 95% Confidence Interval; I: incident vertebral fracture; P: prevalent vertebral fracture;

^aage>80; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate.