Table 4. Estimated prevalence of current smoking by selected sociodemographic characteristics in each of the high-income countries (%, SE); World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Consortium.
| Japan (n=622) |
Spain (n=1727) |
Italy (n=1316) |
Israel* (n=1330) |
New Zealand (n=3566) |
France (n=802) |
Nether- lands (n=771) |
Germany (n=1121) |
Belgium (n=645) |
USA (n=2454) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||||||||
| male | 45.5 (1.5) | 40.6 (1.4) | 33.6 (1.0) | 37.1 (1.0) | 24.5 (0.8) | 34.4 (1.6) | 32.7 (1.5) | 34.4 (1.4) | 32.8 (1.5) | 27.7 (0.6) |
| female | 11.1 (0.7) | 28.4 (1.0) | 21.8 (1.2) | 18.6 (0.8) | 22.4 (0.7) | 21.5 (1.2) | 30.9 (1.4) | 28.3 (1.2) | 18.8 (1.1) | 22.6 (0.7) |
| Age at interview (years)† | ||||||||||
| 18-24 | 39.8 (5.1) | 42.1 (2.0) | 34.9 (2.8) | 32.8 (2.1) | 35.3 (1.6) | 39.9 (4.0) | 33.3 (4.1) | 45.1 (3.6) | 41.6 (3.7) | 29.3 (1.6) |
| 25-34 | 33.2 (2.9) | 48.1 (1.9) | 34.6 (1.6) | 32.9 (1.4) | 31.0 (1.1) | 40.3 (2.9) | 34.1 (2.8) | 40.2 (2.5) | 24.6 (2.7) | 28.9 (1.3) |
| 35-44 | 37.6 (2.8) | 47.9 (1.4) | 35.3 (1.5) | 34.1 (1.6) | 23.7 (1.0) | 35.8 (2.2) | 35.4 (2.2) | 42.5 (2.0) | 29.4 (1.7) | 29.8 (1.1) |
| 45-54 | 32.8 (2.4) | 34.0 (2.2) | 32.0 (1.5) | 29.4 (1.5) | 22.4 (1.1) | 26.1 (1.8) | 37.3 (2.0) | 37.6 (2.9) | 33.0 (3.0) | 24.1 (1.4) |
| 55 and older | 16.9 (1.1) | 15.5(1.0) | 15.4 (1.0) | 14.9 (1.0) | 12.9 (0.7) | 11.9 (1.3) | 24.2 (1.4) | 14.3 (1.2) | 15.0 (1.4) | 17.4 (0.8) |
| Education† | ||||||||||
| None/some primary | 21.1 (18.7) | 21.3 (1.3) | 18.3 (1.1) | 15.8 (2.0) | 25.9 (6.7) | Not assessed | 26.0 (3.9) | 20.4 (11.5) | 24.9 (2.6) | 24.5 (3.8) |
| Finished primary | 20.8 (1.3) | 39.0 (1.7) | 32.7 (1.3) | 34.3 (1.8) | 30.3 (1.0) | 34.5 (2.3) | 13.8 (4.6) | 24.5 (1.4) | 37.9 (1.4) | |
| Finished secondary | 29.1 (1.6) | 39.6 (3.9) | 31.8 (1.6) | 33.3 (1.2) | 25.6 (0.9) | 37.4 (3.4) | 31.0 (1.0) | 27.2 (2.7) | 30.5 (1.1) | |
| Some college | 28.1 (2.4) | 38.8 (2.3) | 33.8 (2.1) | 28.4 (1.6) | 14.6 (1.0) | 36.4 (2.2.) | 38.8 (3.2) | 27.6 (3.0) | 23.2 (1.1) | |
| College graduate | 32.2 (2.8) | 37.9 (2.0) | 24.2 (2.2) | 17.8 (1.1) | 10.3 (0.8) | 24.3 (1.5) | 38.4 (6.5) | 23.4 (2.5) | 12.3 (0.8) | |
| Marital status | ||||||||||
| Married/cohabiting | 27.5 (1.1) | 32.2 (0.8) | 25.8 (0.8) | 24.9 (0.8) | 19.8 (0.6) | 26.2 (1.4) | 30.9 (1.4) | 28.4 (1.0) | 23.4 (1.0) | 21.6 (0.7) |
| No longer married | 19.8 (1.9) | 19.8 (2.1) | 21.2 (3.1) | 26.4 (1.7) | 25.9 (1.2) | 22.3 (3.0) | 35.4 (3.8) | 30.0 (1.8) | 22.1 (2.1) | 30.3 (1.3) |
| Never married | 31.4 (3.3) | 44.5 (2.0) | 34.0 (1.8) | 37.7 (1.7) | 32.2 (1.1) | 37.4 (2.9) | 32.9 (3.3) | 40.8 (1.7) | 36.9 (3.3) | 28.5 (1.1) |
| Employment† | ||||||||||
| Working | 34.6 (1.4) | 45.5 (1.1) | 33.4 (1.0) | 32.0 (0.9) | 24.1 (0.6) | 33.9 (1.3) | 35.0 (1.3) | 37.9 (1.3) | 30.2 (1.5) | 25.8 (0.7) |
| Student | 29.8 (9.6) | 27.3 (3.6) | 16.5 (3.6) | 32.9 (4.4) | 22.2 (1.9) | 41.7 (8.4) | 16.6 (4.4) | 35.2 (5.3) | 31.9 (6.7) | 18.5 (2.9) |
| Homemaker | 7.2 (0.9) | 21.8 (1.7) | 24.4 (2.1) | 11.8 (2.1) | 31.1 (1.5) | 15.6 (3.3) | 24.8 (2.5) | 26.3 (3.1) | 16.2 (2.8) | 17.7 (1.5) |
| Retired | 20.2 (2.5) | 15.0 (1.1) | 13.7 (1.0) | 12.1 (1.2) | 10.3 (0.8) | 10.2 (1.3) | 21.5 (2.1) | 12.9 (1.5) | 13.9 (1.6) | 14.8 (1.0) |
| Other | 28.7 (4.2) | 40.1 (2.8) | 31.1 (3.2) | 30.4 (1.9) | 43.6 (2.6) | 37.5 (3.3) | 46.0 (4.8) | 47.3 (3.1) | 34.8 (3.4) | 43.1 (2.1) |
*
Israel estimates are for those who smoked at least once a day.
†
Reflect values at the time of interview.