Table 3.
Blood CadmiumA | Urinary CadmiumB | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||
Low (< 0.39 μg/L) | High (≥0.39μg/L) | P for interaction | Low (< 0.35 μg/L) | High(≥0.35μg/L) | P for interaction | |||||
|
|
|||||||||
N with/with-out AMD | OR (95 % CI) | N with/with-out AMD | OR (95 % CI) | N with/with-out AMD | OR (95 % CI) | N with/with-out AMD | OR (95 % CI) | |||
Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||
Non-Hispanic Black | 13/495 | 1.00 (Reference) | 22/522 | 1.39 (0.75, 2.59) | 4/115 | 1.00 (Reference) | 6/186 | 1.51 (0.40, 5.61) | ||
Non-Hispanic White | 119/1365 | 2.27 (1.26, 4.12) | 185/1267 | 3.07 (1.69, 5.59) | 0.63 | 27/418 | 1.05 (0.29, 3.75) | 44/330 | 3.56 (0.91, 13.9) | 0.03 |
Other | 45/744 | 2.57 (1.28, 5.16) | 42/571 | 2.69 (1.42, 5.11) | 0.39 | 13/193 | 2.69 (0.57, 12.6) | 10/202 | 1.66 (0.59, 4.69) | 0.10 |
| ||||||||||
Gender | ||||||||||
Males | 104/1408 | 1.0 (Reference) | 117/1071 | 1.29 (0.87, 1.93) | 21/362 | 1.0 (Reference) | 32/388 | 3.51 (1.33, 9.27) | ||
Females | 73/1196 | 0.87 (0.67, 1.12) | 132/1289 | 1.17 (0.86, 1.58) | 0.86 | 23/364 | 1.36 (0.68, 2.74) | 28/330 | 2.94 (1.25, 6.92) | 0.29 |
| ||||||||||
Pack-years | ||||||||||
0 | 106/1746 | 1.0 (Reference) | 87/655 | 1.31 (0.87, 1.97) | 25/409 | 1.0 (Reference) | 21/249 | 2.26 (0.85, 5.97) | ||
0 – 19.9 | 44/566 | 1.19 (0.67, 2.13) | 70/759 | 1.35 (0.90, 1.98) | 0.43 | 13/200 | 0.86 (0.36, 2.00) | 13/233 | 2.03 (0.90, 4.58) | 0.68 |
20+ | 26/227 | 0.98 (0.52, 1.86) | 85/834 | 1.59 (1.10, 2.29) | 0.39 | 6/91 | 0.58 (0.16, 2.03) | 25/214 | 2.61 (1.02, 6.63) | 0.38 |
Abbreviations: NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; OR, Odds Ratio.
Blood cadmium models were adjusted for age, age-squared, gender, race, education, body mass index and pack-years.
Urinary cadmium models were adjusted for urinary creatinine, age, age-squared, gender, race, education, body mass index and pack-years.