Figure 8. HRV-induced membrane permeability is enhanced by low pH.

A) Carboxyfluorescein (CF)-containing liposomes at pH 6.5 and pH 5.5 were mixed with HRV (0.5 µg) and membrane permeability resulting in leakage and dequenching of CF was detected by fluorescence measurements (excitation 492 nm/emission 512 nm) recorded every 30 seconds (as in figure 3). B) End points of HRV induced membrane permeability. Data in panels A and B was normalized to the maximum signal induced by melittin at each pH value. Data shown is representative of multiple independent experiments (n>3). Error bars represent standard error of the mean (n = 3) and asterisks indicate statistical significance calculated by one way Anova (p*<0.05).