Table 2. Cross-sectional associations between movement behaviors and cardio-metabolic risk markers in Danish children.
| n | WC, cm | MAP, mm Hg1 | HOMAIR 2 | Triglycerides, mmol/L2 | HDL-C, mmol/L | MetS-score3 | |
| Total PA | 564 | −1.14 (−1.64;−0.64)** ¥ | 0.05 (−0.32;0.41) | −0.070 (−0.099;−0.042)* ¥ £ | −0.036 (−0.057;−0.015)* ¥ | 0.034 (0.015;0.053)* ¥ £ | −0.10 (−0.19;−0.01)* |
| MVPA | 564 | −0.93 (−1.23;−0.63)** ¥£ | 0.00 (−0.22;0.22) | −0.051 (−0.069;−0.034)** ¥ | −0.029 (−0.042;−0.016)** ¥ | 0.023 (0.011;0.035)** ¥ | −0.07 (−0.12;−0.01)* |
| Sedentary time | 564 | 0.07 (−0.03;0.18) | −0.01 (−0.09;0.07) | 0.007 (0.001;0.013)* | 0.006 (0.002;0.010)* | −0.004 (−0.008;0.0005) | 0.01 (−0.01;0.03) |
| Screen time | 702 | 0.33 (−0.07;0.73) | 0.22 (−0.12;0.56) | 0.026 (0.000;0.053)* | 0.012 (−0.008;0.031) | −0.002 (−0.019;0.014) | 0.02 (−0.10;0.15) |
| Sleep duration | 473 | −2.21 (−3.79;−0.62)* ¥ | −0.58 (−1.74;0.58) | −0.080 (−0.174;0.014) ¥ | −0.022 (−0.089;0.046) | 0.001 (−0.063;0.066) | −0.12 (−0.43;0.18) |
| CSHQ | 719 | 0.16 (0.08;0.25)** | 0.10 (0.02;0.17)* | 0.007 (−0.002;0.013) * | 0.006 (0.002;0.010)* £ | −0.001 (−0.005;0.002) | 0.02 (−0.01;0.05) |
Abbreviations: PA, physical activity; MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; CSHQ, Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire; WC, waist circumference; MAP, mean arterial blood pressure; HOMAIR, homeostatic model assessment of central insulin resistance; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; MetS-score, metabolic syndrome score.
Data are presented as unstandardized regression coefficients (β) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a linear mixed model with school and subject as random effects. The five cardio-metabolic risk markers were adjusted for baseline age, sex, pubertal status, and sex-pubertal status interaction (Model 1).
Coefficients represent the change in the outcome for a 100-cpm change in total PA, a 10-minute change in time spent in MVPA, a 1% change in sedentary time, a 60-minute change in screen time and sleep duration and a 1-point change in CSHQ. *, P<0.05; **, P<0.001.
P<0.05 in Model 2: Model 1+ mutual adjustments between MVPA, sedentary time and sleep duration. Total PA was only adjusted for sleep duration.
P<0.05 in Model 3: Model 2+ fat mass index.
MAP was also adjusted for height.
HOMAIR and triglycerides were log transformed.
MetS-score = (z-scores by baseline age, sex, pubertal status and sex-pubertal status interaction of) WC + MAP + HOMAIR + triglycerides – HDL-C.