Table 4. Epidemiological parameters used to estimate the economic losses associated with CE in livestock, Álava, 2005.

Parameter	Value	Distribution	Range	Unit	Reference
Total sheep populationa	88,369	Fixed	NA	Individuals	[27]
Lambsa	4,600	Fixed	NA	Individuals	[27]
Lambs for slaughter	47,709	Fixed	NA	Individuals	[27]
Proportion of slaughtered lambs aged <1.5 months	28	Fixed	NA	% of slaughtered lambs	[27]
Adults for slaughter	53	Fixed	NA	Individuals	[27]
Ewes producing milka	28,691	Fixed	NA	Individuals	[27]
Ewes producing meat lamba	29,019	Fixed	NA	Individuals	[27]
Adult nulliparous ewesa	23,871	Fixed	NA	Individuals	[27]
Males for reproduction	2,187	Fixed	NA	Individuals	[27]
Prevalence of infection at inspection	1.76	Fixed	NA	% of infected animals at slaughter	Calculated
Lambs	1.74	Fixed	NA	% of infected animals at slaughter	Basque Government
Adults	1.79	Fixed	NA	% of infected animals at slaughter	Basque Government
Proportion of infected sheep with lung cysts only	10	Uniform	5–10	% infected sheep at slaughter	[26]
Proportion of infected sheep with liver cysts only	30	Uniform	25–35	% infected sheep at slaughter	[26]
Proportion of infected sheep with lung and liver cysts	60	Uniform	50–70	% infected sheep at slaughter	[26]
Average weight
Live lamb (<1.5 months)	11	Uniform	8–14	Kg	[20]
Live lamb (1.5 months-1 year)	24	Uniform	22–26	Kg	[20]
Lamb liver	0.85	Uniform	0.8–0.9	Kg	Extrapolated from [41], [42]
Lamb lung	0.60	Uniform	0.5–0.7	Kg	Extrapolated from [41], [42]
Sheep liver	1.00	Uniform	0.9–1.1	Kg	Extrapolated from [43]
Sheep lung	0.70	Uniform	0.6–0.8	Kg	Extrapolated from [43]
Mean lambing/year – meat sheep	1.5	Fixed	NA	Lambs per ewe per year	See text
Average milk yield of dairy sheep	165	Uniform	160–170	Kg per year	Extrapolated from [20]
Total cattle populationa	40,196	Fixed	NA	Individuals	[27]
Calves (<1 yr. old) for slaughter	170	Fixed	NA	Individuals	[27]
Calves for milk replacement	1,923	Fixed	NA	Individuals	Estimate
Calves for beef cattle	5,869	Fixed	NA	Individuals	Estimate
Calves for beef cattle reproduction	2,096	Fixed	NA	Individuals	Estimate
Beef cattle (>1 and <2 yr. old) for slaughter	3,987	Fixed	NA	Individuals	[27]
Young animal for milk replacement	441	Fixed	NA	Individuals	Estimate
Young animals for beef cattle reproduction	236	Fixed	NA	Individuals	Estimate
Adults (>2 yr. old)a	25,382	Fixed	NA	Individuals	[27]
For slaughtering (cows)	2,393	Fixed	NA	Individuals	[27]
For slaughtering (bulls)	4,665	Fixed	NA	Individuals	[27]
For milk production	6,915	Fixed	NA	Individuals	[27]
No. of cattle slaughtered/year	11,215	Fixed	NA	Individuals	[27]
Calves	170	Fixed	NA	Individuals	[27]
Beef cattle	3987	Fixed	NA	Individuals	[27]
Adult cows	2393	Fixed	NA	Individuals	[27]
Bulls	4665	Fixed	NA	Individuals	[27]
No. of infected cattle slaughtered/year	304	Fixed	NA	Individuals	Calculated
Prevalence of infection at inspection	2.71	Fixed		% of infected animals at slaughter	Basque Government
Proportion of infected cattle with lung lesions only	17.9	Fixed	NA	Percent	[26]
Proportion of infected cattle with liver lesions only	6.4	Fixed	NA	Percent	[26]
Proportion of infected cattle with lung and liver lesions	73.5	Fixed	NA	Percent	[26]
Average weight
Live calf	160.0	Uniform	130–190	Kg	[20]
Live young cattle	480.00	Uniform	460–500	Kg	[20]
Calf liver	3.20	Uniform	2.9–3.5	Kg	[44]–[46]
Calf lung	3.75	Uniform	3.5–4.0	Kg	[44]–[46]
Young animal lung	5.09				Estimated from calf and cow
Young animal liver	5.25				Estimated from calf and cow
Cow liver	6.35	Uniform	5.4–7.3	Kg	[44]–[46]
Cow lung	6.15	Uniform	5.2–7.1	Kg	[44]–[46]
Mean calving/year – beef cow	1.05	Fixed	NA	Calves per cow per year	See text
Average milk yield of dairy cow	7,064	Fixed	NA	Kg per year	[27]
Productivity losses – all livestock
Decrease in fecundity	5.5	Uniform	0.0–11.0	% decrease per year	[24]
Decrease in carcass weight	6.25	Uniform	2.5–10.0	% decrease per year	[7], [25]
Decrease in milk production	2.5	Uniform	0.0–5.0	% decrease per year	[7], [25]

^aCensus at 31 December 2005.

NA, not applicable.