Fig. 5.

The effect of bath Ca²⁺ and sucrose on Pr uptake by BPAE cells at 90 min after nsPEF (20 pulses, 300 ns duration, 20 Hz, 600 V, on ITO coverslip in a 1-mm electroporation cuvette). The legends indicate the buffer compositions (exposure/incubation). Each group includes 500-800 cells from 4-9 independent experiments. The bar height is the fraction of cells that display a particular level of Pr emission (up to the saturation at 4000 a.u.). The first bar in each chart includes cells with largely preserved membrane integrity (without Pr uptake and with less than 400 a.u. uptake). Blue curves are the normal fits. All denoted statistical differences are significant by both the two-tailed t-test and Fisher’s exact test. See text for further details.